1. Review 20 week tests

2. Review Questions Which statement represents a key idea directly associated with John Locke’s Two Treatises of Government? ( 1) Freedom of speech should be denied. (2) The king’s power on Earth comes from God. (3) All people are born with the right to life, liberty, and property. (4) Individuals acting in their own self-interest will achieve economic success.

3. Review Questions Writers of the Enlightenment were primarily interested in: 1.Changing the relationship between people and their government 2.Supporting the Divine Right Theory 3.Debating the role of church in society 4.Promoting increased power for European monarchs

4. Review Questions Which statement best describes a change that occurred during both the Renaissance and the Enlightenment? 1.Feudalism became the dominant political system 2.The use of reason and logic were discouraged 3.Technology and science were considered unimportant 4.A new questioning spirit and attitude

5. Review Nationalism is most likely to develop in an area that has 1)Land suited to agriculture 2) Adequate industry to supply consumer demands 3) A moderate climate with rivers for irrigation 4) Common customs, language and history

6. Review A study of revolutions would most likely lead to the conclusion that pre-Revolutionary governments. 1) are more concerned about human rights than the governments that replace them 2) refuse to modernize their armed forces with advanced technology 3) attempt to bring about the separation of government from religion 4) fail to meet the political and economic needs of their people

7. Review What was the main purpose of the Congress of Vienna? 1) To regain the strength lost by the Catholic Church in Europe 2) To create a new military plan for European domination in the Americas 3) To design a military plan to defeat Napoleon 4) To create a balance of power on the European continent

8. Review The French people supported Napoleon Bonaparte because they hoped he would 1) adopt the ideas of the Protestant Reformation 2) restore Louis XVI to power 3) provide stability for the nation 4) end British control of France

9. Review In France, which was a major result of the French Revolution? 1)the king was restored to unlimited power 2)the clergy dominated government 3)the middle class gained political influence 4)the tax burden was carried by the lower class

10. Review Which revolution inspired Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels to express their ideas in The Communist Manifesto? 1.Industrial 2.Scientific 3.Glorious 4.Neolithic

11. Review According to the theories of Karl Marx, history can be viewed as a 1.succession of famines that result in the destruction of civilizations 2.repeating cycle of imperialism and colonialism 3.listing of the accomplishments of the ruling classes 4.continuous struggle between economic classes

12. Review A major result of the Industrial Revolution was the 1. concentration of workers in urban areas 2. increased desire of the wealthy class to share its power 3. formation of powerful craft guilds 4. control of agricultural production by governments

13. Review “The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains…Workers of the world, unite!” This statement was made in response to conditions resulting from the 1. Protestant Reformation 2. Counter-Reformation 3. Commercial Revolution 4. Industrial Revolution

14. Review A main idea of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engles’ Communist Manifesto is that the proletariat 1. would need foreign help to achieve its revolutionary ends 2. had to cooperate with the capitalists to gain economic rewards 3. should allow the capitalists to control the means of production 4. must unite to overthrow the capitalist class

15. Review A major result of the Industrial Revolution was the 1. concentration of workers in urban areas 2. increased desire of the wealthy class to share its power 3. formation of powerful craft guilds 4. control of agricultural production by governments

16. Review A major result of the Industrial Revolution was the 1. concentration of workers in urban areas 2. increased desire of the wealthy class to share its power 3. formation of powerful craft guilds 4. control of agricultural production by governments

17. Throughout the 1800’s, an increased need for both raw materials and new markets for manufactured goods led various European nations to pursue policies of 1.Imperialism 2.Socialism 3.Isolationism 4.communism Review

18. “Revolution will occur more and more frequently in the industrialized nations as the proletariat struggles to overcome the abuses of the capitalist system.” This quotation reflects the ideas of 1. Charles Darwin 2. Karl Marx 3. Niccolo Machiavelli 4. John Locke Review

19. According to Karl Marx, history is the record of the 1. granting of more political liberties to all people 2. struggle between classes in society 3. wars and conflicts between national leaders 4. increasing prosperity brought about by industrialization

20. Review A main idea of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engles’ Communist Manifesto is that the proletariat 1. would need foreign help to achieve its revolutionary ends 2. had to cooperate with the capitalists to gain economic rewards 3. should allow the capitalists to control the means of production 4. must unite to overthrow the capitalist class

21. Review A major result of the Industrial Revolution was the 1. concentration of workers in urban areas 2. increased desire of the wealthy class to share its power 3. formation of powerful craft guilds 4. control of agricultural production by governments

22. Throughout the 1800’s, an increased need for both raw materials and new markets for manufactured goods led various European nations to pursue policies of 1.Imperialism 2.Socialism 3.Isolationism 4.communism Review

23. Which statement best expresses the motive for 19 th - century European imperialism? 1.Living space was needed for the excess population of Western Europe 2.European leaders believed imperialism was an effective method of reducing the number of wars 3.European nations would benefit from some aspects of the conquered nation’s culture 4.Imperialism would benefit the economies of the colonial powers

24. Take up the White Man’s burden— Send forth the best ye breed Go bind your sons to exile To serve your captives’ need; To wait, in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild— Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half-devil and half-child. --Rudyard Kipling, “The White Man’s Burden” The phrase “White Man’s burden” in this excerpt refers to the 1. Negative attitude of Europeans toward peoples of the non-Western world 2. Advantages Europeans would gain by colonizing Africa, Asia, and Latin America 3. Positive role of the Roman Catholic Church in Africa and Asia 4. Challenges non-Europeans faced when trading with the Europeans Review

25. The 19th century term “White Man’s Burden” reflects the idea that 1. Asians and Africans were equal to Europeans 2. Asians and Africans would be grateful for European help 3. imperialism was opposed by most Europeans 4. Europeans had a responsibility to improve the lives of the colonial peoples Review

26. The borders that were established for many African nations during the late 1800s were based primarily on 1.Natural geographic barriers 2.Easy access to natural resources 3.Territorial claims of colonial rulers 4.Cultural differences between ethnic groups

27. Review The borders that were established for many African nations during the late 1800s were based primarily on 1.Natural geographic barriers 2.Easy access to natural resources 3.Territorial claims of colonial rulers 4.Cultural differences between ethnic groups

28. Review Which is generally a characteristic of a communist economy? 1. investment is encouraged by the promise of large profits 2. the role of government in the economy is restricted by law 3. government agencies are involved in production planning 4. entrepreneurs sell shares in their companies to the government

29. Which is an accurate statement about the partitioning of Africa by European imperialist nations during the 1800’s? 1. new nations were based on old tribal boundaries 2. the cultural and ethnic diversity of the African people was disregarded 3. the continent was divided equally among the colonial powers 4. African unity was encouraged Review

30. After 1880, European nations sought colonies in Africa primarily because the Europeans were 1. in need of land for their surplus populations 2. competing for raw materials and markets 3. determined to bring Christianity to the Moslem world 4. interested in completing their geographic knowledge of the world Review

31. During the 18th and 19th centuries, increased contact between Europe and the continents of Africa, Asia, and South America resulted in 1. closer cultural cooperation between Europe and these continents 2. the exploitation of the labor and resources of these continents 3. a return to the political and economic systems of feudal Europe 4. preservation of the rights of the indigenous peoples Review

32. Which is generally a characteristic of a communist economy? 1. investment is encouraged by the promise of large profits 2. the role of government in the economy is restricted by law 3. government agencies are involved in production planning 4. entrepreneurs sell shares in their companies to the government

33. Review Stalin’s Five-Year Plans and his decision to form collectives are examples of 1. strategies to modernize the economy of the Soviet Union through forced communism 2. a more friendly foreign policy toward China 3. methods of dealing with the United States during the Cold War 4. programs to westernize, educate, and enlighten the population

34. Review A major cause of the Russian Revolution of 1917 was the 1. defeat of Germany in the Russian campaign 2. marriage of Czar Nicholas II to a German princess 3. existence of sharp economic differences between social classes 4. appeal of Marxism to the Russian nobility

35. Review Which is an accurate statement about the Soviet economy under the leadership of Joseph Stalin? 1. a large selection of consumer goods became available 2. the Soviet Union increased its industrial output by developing heavy industry 3. private farmers were encouraged to sell their surplus produce in an open market 4. the government reduced its role in planning industrial production

36. Review The Russian peasants supported the Bolsheviks in the 1917 Revolutions mainly because the Bolsheviks promised to 1. establish collective farms 2. maintain the agricultural price-support system 3. bring modern technology to Russian farms 4. redistribute the land owned by the nobility

37. Review Which slogan expressed the ideals of the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917? 1. Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity 2. Bread, Land, and Peace 3. Land and Liberty 4. Nationalism, Democracy, and the People’s Livelihood

38. Review Which term refers to the Jewish movement to create a homeland in Palestine? 1. secularism 2. Marxism 3. animism 4. Zionism

39. Review One reason for the mass migration of many Irish to North America in the 19th century was 1. a series of crop failures 2. enforcement of a military draft 3. civil war in Ireland 4. an outbreak of malaria

40. Review A major cause of World War I was 1.A decline in the policy of imperialism 2.The existence of opposing alliances 3.An increase in acts of aggression by England 4.The spread of communism throughout Europe

41. Review Why was the Balkan region referred to as the “Powder Keg of Europe” prior to World War I? 1.The aggression of the ottoman empire was disrupting the balance of power 2.Yugoslavia was invading its neighboring countries 3.Nationalistic and imperialistic rivalries were increasing 4.The area was the leading supplier of military equipment to the rest of the world

42. Review “Archduke Franz Ferdinand Assassinated!” “Germany Declares War on Russia and France!” “Peace Treaty Signed at Versailles!” Which event is referred to in these headlines? 1.Franco-Prussian War 2.Crimean War 3.World War I 4.Cold War

43. Review Why was the Balkan region referred to as the “Powder Keg of Europe” prior to World War I? 1.The aggression of the ottoman empire was disrupting the balance of power 2.Yugoslavia was invading its neighboring countries 3.Nationalistic and imperialistic rivalries were increasing 4.The area was the leading supplier of military equipment to the rest of the world

44. Review Nationalism is best defined as 1. The achievement of world peace and global understanding 2. the desire to take over other societies by force 3. a method of solving basic economic problems of the society 4. the loyalty of a people to their values, traditions, and a geographic region

45. Review Which statement best describes the relationship between World War I and the Russian Revolution? 1. World War I created conditions within Russia that helped trigger a revolution 2. World War I postponed the Russian Revolution by restoring confidence in the Czar 3. the Russian Revolution inspired the Russian people to win World War I 4. World War I gave the Czar’s army the needed experience to suppress the Russian Revolution

46. Review The major impact of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany was that the treaty led to 1. an era of peace and international good will in Germany 2. a stable Germany that was both democratic and strong 3. an increase in Germany’s desire to regain its power and prestige 4. a leadership position for Germany in the League of Nations