2. General Information

3. (1). Synarthrosis Immovable joints (2). Amphiarthrosis Slightly moveble (3). Diarthrosis Freely moveable Functional Classification of Joints

4. Structural Classification – Fibrous Joints (1). Sutures – Skull – Dense fibrous CT – Synostosis (2). Syndesmoses – distal tibiofibular – Interosseous membrane (3). Gomphoses – “peg in socket” – Teeth and alveolar processes

5. Structural Classification – Cartilaginous Joints

6. (1). Synarthroses Sutures Teeth and alveolar processes Epiphyseal plate (2). Amphiarthroses Joint between tibia and fibula Pubic symphysis (3). Diarthroses Synovial joints (knee, hip, shoulder) Examples

7. Structural Classification – Synovial Joints (1). Synovial Cavity – Between articulating bones (2). Hyaline Cartilage – Ends of bones (3). Capsule – Encloses synovial cavity – Fibrous (outer); synovial membrane (inner) (4). Synovial Fluid – Contents – Functions (5). Accessory Ligaments – Extracapsular and Intracapsular – Menisci

8. Synovial Joints (6). Nerve and Blood Supply (7). Bursae – CT with synovial membrane – Synovial-like fluid (8). Tendon Sheaths – Tube-like bursae – wrap tendons Bursitis

9. 1. Non-axial Slipping only Example: Intercarpal joint 2. Uniaxial Movement in one plane Example: Hinge (elbow) 3. Biaxial Movement in two planes Example: Saddle Joint (carpometacarpal joint) 4. Multiaxial Movement in all planes Example: Ball and Socket (shoulder, hip) Joint Movements

10. Synovial Joint Types (1). Planar – Gliding movements – Non-axial – Examples Intercarpal; intertarsal Sternoclavicular (2). Hinge – Hinge – type movement – Uniaxial – Examples Knee, elbow, ankle

11. Synovial Joint Types (3). Pivot – Uniaxial – Example Atlas and axis joint (4). Condyloid – Biaxial – Example Wrist

12. Synovial Joints (5). Saddle Joints – Biaxial – Examples carpometacarpal (6). Ball and Socket – Multiaxial – Examples Shoulder, hip