1. CHAPTER 10 Passive Voice Mr. Hani M. Al-Tahrawi Eng-112 Pre-Dental Batch 2 Pre- Pharma Batch 2 March, 2012

2. Pres. Participle V4 ing form Past Participle V3 Past Simple Present Simple BaseVerb being am been has waswereamisarebeis have are had was were writing am written has wrotewritewriteswriteis have are was had were stealing am stolen has stolestealsteals steal stealis have are had was wereFuture will be am going to be is are will write am going to write is are will steal am going to steal is are

3. Subject Object Verb V3 be (by subject)

4. An Active Sentence Subject ObjectVerb A Passive Sentence (by Subject) Object V3 be Turki wrotea letter. by Turki. A letter was written

5. When we changed the sentence: by Turki. A letter was written We used ‘ was ’ as one of the forms of verb ‘ be ’. WHY? Turki wrotea letter. into:

6. by Turki. A letter was written We used ‘ was ’ as one of the forms of verb ‘ be ’, and it is the simple past tense. Turki wrotea letter. That’s because….. The main verb in the active sentence was in the simple past tense.

7. BUT which form of verb to be should I use????????? Base Form (Bare infinitive) Present Simple Past Simple V2P.P.V3 Pres. P. V4ing-form beamisarewaswere hashave been am being is are had was were

8. To use one of the forms of verb to be, we have to meet two conditions: be The same tense of the main verb What agrees with the new subject ( object)

9. be The same tense of the main verb

10. Tenses Taught in Semester 1: Present Perfect ProgressivePresent PerfectPresent ProgressivePresent Simple Future SimplePast PerfectPast ProgressiveSimple Past

11. Can you recognize the tense in these sentences? They give us new books at the beginning of every year. They have been publishing these books for ten years. They are discussing the new rules at the highest level. The police caught the thieves last night. The earthquake has destroyed hundreds of houses. Have they cleaned the room yet? They will interview the potential candidate next week. They didn't see Mona this morning.

12. Can you recognize the tense in these sentences? They give us new books at the beginning of every year. Present Simple They have been publishing these books for ten years. Present Perfect Progressive They are discussing the new rules at the highest level. Present Progressive The police caught the thieves last night. Simple Past The earthquake has destroyed hundreds of houses. Present Perfect Have they cleaned the room yet? Present Perfect They will interview the potential candidate next week. Future Simple They didn't see Mona this morning. Simple Past Negative

13. Can you recognize the tense in these sentences? While the mechanic was fixing my car at the workshop yesterday, someone broke the windscreen The instructor had notified the students of the new procedures before he asked them to write their rough drafts.

14. Can you recognize the tense in these sentences? While the mechanic was fixing my car at the workshop yesterday, someone broke the windscreen The instructor had notified the students of the new procedures before he asked them to write their rough drafts. Past progressive Simple Past Past Perfect Simple Past

15. Now can you give the equivalent passive of each tense? give /gives Present Simple have been publishing Present Perfect Progressive are discussing Present Progressive caught Simple Past has destroyed Present Perfect Have ……. cleaned …….? Present Perfect will interview Future Simple didn't see Simple Past Negative (am/is/are) given have been being published (am/is/are) being discussed (was/were) caught (has/have) destroyed Have/Has ……. been cleaned ….? will be interviewed (wasn’t/weren’t) seen

16. Now can you give the equivalent passive of each tense? was fixing broke had notified asked Past progressive Simple Past Past Perfect Simple Past (was/were) being fixed (was/were) broken had been notified (was/were) asked

17. The Simple Present ActivePassive They write / don’t write the science column. He writes / doesn’t write the science columns. Do they write the science column? Does he write the science columns? What do the Dental students write? What does the Pharma student write? The science column is/ isn’t written by them. The science columns are/ aren’t written by him. Is the science column written by them? Are the science columns written by him? What is written by the Dental students? What is written by the Pharma student?

18. The Present Progressive ActivePassive He is fixing the stove. They aren’t using the main meeting room. Is the worker painting his condominium? Are they finalizing their biology project? Where is he taking the guests? What are they doing about the new complaints? The stove is being fixed. The main meeting room is not being used. Is his condominium being painted? Is their biology project being finalized? Where are the guests being taken? What is being done about the new complaints?

19. The Present Perfect ActivePassive He has broken / hasn’t broken the window. They have seen / have never seen a UFO in this country before. Has he (ever) broken the window? Have they (ever) seen a UFO in this country before? What has he broken? What have they seen in this country before? The window has/hasn’t been broken (by him). A UFO [has /has never] been seen in this country before. Has the window (ever) been broken (by him)? Has a UFO (ever) been seen in this country before? What has been broken? What has been seen in this country before?

20. The Present Perfect Progressive Active Passive (Rarely used and considered awkward with this tense) They have been teaching anatomy and other medical courses in this college since 2007. Have those kids been torturing that kitten? What have they been teaching in this college since 2007? Anatomy and other medical courses have been being taught in this college since 2007. Has that kitten been being tortured by those kids? What has been being taught in this college since 2007?

21. The Simple Past ActivePassive Jane Austen wrote ‘Sense and Sensibility ‘ in 1811. No one knew his real name. The police didn’t find their hiding place. Did they arrange her birthday party? Where did they send him? ‘Sense and Sensibility ‘ was written by Jane Austen in 1811. His real name wasn’t known. Their hiding place wasn’t found. Was her birthday party arranged? Where was he sent ?

22. The Past Progressive ActivePassive He was cleaning the attic when he found his old jacket. While they were counting the votes, his campaign manager announced his withdrawal. Were they interviewing him when someone broke into his apartment? The attic was being cleaned when his old jacket was found. While the votes were being counted, his withdrawal was announced by his campaign manager. Was he being interviewed when his apartment was broken into? Where were they being sent?Where were he sending them?

23. The Past Perfect ActivePassive They broke the window after they had hit it with a stone. Had they completed the housework before they called their friends? Why had they sent him to Malaysia earlier? The window was broken after it had been hit with a stone. Had the housework been completed before their friends were called? Why had he been sent to Malaysia earlier?

24. The Future Simple and other Modal Auxiliary Structures Active Passive They will send some warning letters soon. Ahmad is going to write the art column. They must obey the rules. Will they send the warning letters soon? Is Ahmad going to write the art column? Do they have to obey the rules? Can you deliver this envelope tonight? When will they send the warning letters? What will the Dental students write? Some warning letters will be sent soon. The art column is going to be written by Ahmad. The rules must be obeyed. Will the warning letters be sent soon? Is the art column going to be written by Ahmad? Do the rules have to be obeyed? Can this envelope be delivered tonight? When will the warning letters be sent? What will be written by the Dental students?

25. Alitakesthe pills. by Ali. The pills takenare

26. People speak English in many countries. English is spoken in many countries.

27. Someone robbed the bank yesterday. The bank was robbed yesterday.

28. Our teacher will collect the projects tomorrow. The projects will be collected tomorrow.

29. The tailor has made this suit for me. This suit has been made for me.

30. Builders had made this house using mud. This house had been made using mud.

31. Jill paints the fence once a year. The fence is painted once a year.

32. Sue bought a silk dress for her sister’s wedding. A silk dress was bought by Sue.

33. The police arrested them yesterday. They were arrested yesterday.

34. John and Paul have taken a lot of pictures since they arrived on the island. A lot of pictures have been taken by John and Paul since they arrived on the island.

35. We asked her to help with the housework. She was asked to help with the housework.

36. ( They produce cars in this factory. ) 1. Cars are produced in this factory. Scientific Process: Manufacturing Cars

37. ( Mechanics have already checked the cars in the blue area. ) 2. The cars have already been checked in the blue area.

38. ( Electricians will install air-conditioning in the cars in the red area. ) 3. Air-conditioning will be installed in the cars in the red area.

39. Passive Questions: (Simple Present) Does Do SubjectverbObject ? Am Is Are ObjectVerb 3(by Subject) ?

40. Passive Questions: ( Simple Past) DidSubjectverbObject ? Was Were ObjectVerb 3(by Subject) ?

41. Passive Questions: (Simple Past) Did SubjectverbObject ? Was Were ObjectVerb 3(by Subject) ?

42. Passive Questions: (Present Perfect) Has Have SubjectV3object ? objectV3 (by subject) ? Has Have been

43. Passive Questions: (Past Perfect) HadSubjectVerb 3Object ? ObjectV3(by Subject) ? Had been

44. Passive Questions: (Simple Future: will + stem verb) Will SubjectverbObject ? Will ObjectVerb 3(by Subject) ? be

45. Passive Questions: (Simple Future: be going to + stem verb) Am Is Are SubjectverbObject ? Am Is Are ObjectVerb 3 (by Subject) ? going to going to be

46. Change the following into Passive. 1. Did they tell her the story? 2. What must we do about this? 3. What questions did they ask? 4. Has anyone changed the curtains yet? 5. Where did they park the car? 6. Will anyone tell him about the accident? 7. Has anyone dusted that blackboard yet? 8. Who is cleaning my room? First try to do these transformations yourself. The answers are on the following slides.

47. Did they tell her the story? Was Was she told told the story?

48. What must we do about this? What must must be be done done about this?

49. What questions did they ask? What questions were were asked?

50. Has anyone changed the curtains yet? Have Have the curtains been been changed changed yet?

51. Where did they park the car? Where was was the car parked?

52. Will anyone tell him about the accident? Will Will he be be told told about the accident?

53. Has anyone dusted that blackboard yet? Has Has that blackboard been been dusted dusted yet?

54. Who is cleaning my room? Who is is my room being being cleaned cleaned by? OR Whom is is my room being being cleaned cleaned by?

55. Someone wrote this letter. ( Change into a passive question asking about the underlined. ) Step 1: Form an Active Question. Who Who wrote wrote this letter? Step 2: Change the Active Question into a Passive Question. Who Who was was this letter written written by?

56. Researchers estimate that 8 million people in the United States are suffering from an Eating Disorder. It is estimated that 8 million people in the United States are suffering from an Eating Disorder.

57. Correct the following verbs. (ACTIVE or PASSIVE ) 1. The window pane (break) _________________. 2. Someone (cook) ___________________ a meal in the kitchen right now. 3. We (ask)________________ several questions by the police tonight. 4. My cat (run over) ________________ by the milk van. 5. This homework (must do) ___________________ tonight. 6. Poems ( write) __________________ in every culture. 7. People all over the world (know) ___________________ her name. 8. The truck (loot)________________ when the police arrived. 9. The guests (hand) ________________ some tea after they had a seat. 10. The students (do) ____________ these exercises before. is broken/ was broken is cooking were asked was run over must be done are/were written know was being looted were handed have done

58. A. Correct the verb in parentheses. B. Then change the sentence into the PASSIVE. 1. Those boys (rear) _____________ the kittens for a long time. 2. The dog (might eat) ____________ your meal earlier. 3. The patient (ought to, take) ________________ these pills every day. 4. A freshman (have to, practice) _____________ English regularly. 5. Whenever the wind blows, it (slam) ________________ the door. 6. Someone (have to, test)_______________ you on your English grammar. have been rearing Passive: The kittens have been being reared for a long time. might have eaten Passive: Your meal might have been eaten by the dog. ought to take Passive: These pills ought to be taken by the patient every day. has to practice Passive: English has to be practiced regularly. slams Passive: The door is slammed whenever the wind blows. has to test Passive: You have to be tested on your English grammar.

59. Choose the correct answer 1. Hazel won the lottery. 1. Hazel won the lottery. A. The lottery had been won by Hazel. A. The lottery had been won by Hazel. B. The lottery was won by Hazel. B. The lottery was won by Hazel. C. The lottery is won by Hazel.

60. Choose the correct answer 1. Hazel won the lottery. 1. Hazel won the lottery. A. The lottery had been won by Hazel. A. The lottery had been won by Hazel. B. The lottery was won by Hazel. B. The lottery was won by Hazel. C. The lottery is won by Hazel.

61. 2. The police asked Bryan. 2. The police asked Bryan. A. Bryan is asked by the police. A. Bryan is asked by the police. B. Bryan was asked by the police. B. Bryan was asked by the police. C. Bryan had been asked by the police.

62. 2. The police asked Bryan. 2. The police asked Bryan. A. Bryan is asked by the police. A. Bryan is asked by the police. B. Bryan was asked by the police. B. Bryan was asked by the police. C. Bryan had been asked by the police.

63. 3. Dr. Khair paid for the pizza. 3. Dr. Khair paid for the pizza. A. The pizza was paid for by Dr. Khair. A. The pizza was paid for by Dr. Khair. B. The pizza has been paid for by Dr. Khair. B. The pizza has been paid for by Dr. Khair. C. The pizza is paid for by Dr. Khair.

64. 3. Abu Malek paid for the pizza. 3. Abu Malek paid for the pizza. A. The pizza was paid for by Abu Malek. A. The pizza was paid for by Abu Malek. B. The pizza has been paid for by Abu Malek. B. The pizza has been paid for by Abu Malek. C. The pizza is paid for by Abu Malek.

65. 4. Joy will meet you at the airport. A. You will have met Joy at the airport. B. You would be met by Joy at the airport. B. You would be met by Joy at the airport. C. You will be met by Joy at the airport. C. You will be met by Joy at the airport.

66. 4. Joy will meet you at the airport. A. You will have met Joy at the airport. A. You will have met Joy at the airport. B. You would be met by Joy at the airport. B. You would be met by Joy at the airport. C. You will be met by Joy at the airport.

67. 5. People highly respect Berna´s opinion. 5. People highly respect Berna´s opinion. A. Berna´s opinion will be highly respected. A. Berna´s opinion will be highly respected. B. Berna´s opinion was highly respected. B. Berna´s opinion was highly respected. C. Berna´s opinion is highly respected.

68. 5. People highly respect Berna´s opinion. 5. People highly respect Berna´s opinion. A. Berna´s opinion will be highly respected. A. Berna´s opinion will be highly respected. B. Berna´s opinion was highly respected. B. Berna´s opinion was highly respected. C. Berna´s opinion is highly respected.

69. 6. Amanda upset me by what she said. A. I am upset by what Amanda said. B. I was upset by what Amanda said. C. I would be upset by what Amanda said. C. I would be upset by what Amanda said.

70. 6. Amanda upset me by what she said. A. I am upset by what Amanda said. B. I was upset by what Amanda said. C. I would be upset by what Amanda said. C. I would be upset by what Amanda said.

71. 7. Charms is going to inform Brian later. 7. Charms is going to inform Brian later. A. Brian would be informed by Charms later. A. Brian would be informed by Charms later. B. Brian is going to be informed by Charms later. B. Brian is going to be informed by Charms later. C. Brian was going to be informed by Charms later.

72. 7. Charms is going to inform Brian later. 7. Charms is going to inform Brian later. A. Brian would be informed by Charms later. A. Brian would be informed by Charms later. B. Brian is going to be informed by Charms later. B. Brian is going to be informed by Charms later. C. Brian was going to be informed by Charms later.

73. 8. The police arrested 10 rioters last night. 8. The police arrested 10 rioters last night. A. Ten rioters were going to be arrested last night. A. Ten rioters were going to be arrested last night. B. Ten rioters were arrested last night. B. Ten rioters were arrested last night. C. Ten rioters should have been arrested last night.

74. 8. The police arrested 10 rioters last night. 8. The police arrested 10 rioters last night. A. Ten rioters were going to be arrested last night. A. Ten rioters were going to be arrested last night. B. Ten rioters were arrested last night. B. Ten rioters were arrested last night. C. Ten rioters should have been arrested last night.

75. 9. The Dean may visit us next week. A. We may be visited by the Dean next week. A. We may be visited by the Dean next week. B. We maybe visited by the Dean next week. B. We maybe visited by the Dean next week. C. We must be visited by the Dean next week.

76. 9. The Dean may visit us next week. A. We may be visited by the Dean next week. A. We may be visited by the Dean next week. B. We maybe visited by the Dean next week. B. We maybe visited by the Dean next week. C. We must be visited by the Dean next week.

77. 10. Studying hard could have saved you. A. You could have saved by studying hard. A. You could have saved by studying hard. B. You could have been saved by studying hard. B. You could have been saved by studying hard. C. You could be saved by studying hard.

78. 10. Studying hard could have saved you. A. You could have saved by studying hard. A. You could have saved by studying hard. B. You could have been saved by studying hard. B. You could have been saved by studying hard. C. You could be saved by studying hard.

79. Thank You and Good Luck Mr. Hani M. Al-Tahrawi Eng-112 Pre-Dental Batch 2 Pre- Pharma Batch 2 March, 2012