1. TEACHING GRAMMAR
Bui Thi Thao
Truong Thuy Duong

2. Which takes place face to face and which is told by another person?
Read the story of John and Moira in A. Then, work in pairs and complete their actual conversation in B. The marriage proposal
A John greeted Moira and asked how she was. She told him she was fine. He said it was great to see her. He added that they hadn’t seen each other since Paris. She said that she had loved Paris and asked if they could go back next spring. John said there was something he had to ask her. He told her that he loved her and asked if she would marry him and come to Paris on honeymoon. She said that she would and that she loved him too.
B J Hi, Moira. How are you?
M I ____. Thanks.
J It ____ to see you again. We ____ seen each other since Paris.
M I ____ Paris. ____we ____back next spring?
J There ____ something I ____ to ask you. I ____ you. ____ you ____ me and come to Paris on honeymoon?
M Yes, I ____ . I ____you, too.
Which takes place face to face and which is told by another person?

3. Reported Speech REPORTED STATEMENTS REPORTED QUESTIONS
REPORTED COMMANDS, REQUESTS, ETC…
EXCLAMATORY SENTENCES
PRACTICE

4. Reported Statements Note: Past Perfect  No change
Ex 1 : They say to us, “ We don’t like you ”
 They tell us they don’t like you.
Ex 2 : My sister said to me, “ I want you to help me with my homework.”
 My sister tells me she wants me to help her with her homework.
A/ Main clause: say to -> tell
said to -> told
B/ Subordinate clause:
1/ Persons:
Mary: “ I love you, John.”
Mary tells John she loves him.
2/ Tenses changes in reported statements: move “ one tense back” if the reporting verb is in the past tense.
Present  Past
Present perfect  Past Perfect
Past  Past Perfect
Note: Past Perfect  No change

5. Am / is / are + doing  was / were doing
Work / works  worked
Am / is / are + doing  was / were doing
Have / has + been + running  had + been + running
Have/ has + built  had + built
Shall / will + sing  should / would + sing
Can + be + sailing  could + be + sailing
May + have + gone  might + have + gone
Will + have + been + staying  would + have + been + staying
Had + come  had + come
Had + been + standing  had + been + standing
Will + have + left  would + have + left
Will + have + been + playing  would + have + been + playing
Waited  had + waited
Was / were + talking  had + been + talking
Could + say  could + have + said
Could + be + sleeping  could + have + been + sleeping
Ex: “I’m going.” He said he was going.
“She’s passed her test.” She said she had passed her test.

6. There is no tense change if:
The reporting verb is in the present tense.
Ex : “The train will be late.”
He says the train will be late.
The reported speech is about something that is still true.
Ex : “Rain forests are being destroyed.”
She told him that the rain forest are being destroyed.
“I hate football.”
I told him I hate football.
Some modal verbs change, other ones don’t change:
Ex : “You should go to bed.”
He told me I should go to bed.
“It might rain.”
She said she thought it might rain.
Must stays as must, or change to had to.
Ex : “I must go.” He said he must / had to go.

7. Come here  go there, get there
3/ Places / Time:
This  that
These  those
Here  there
Come here  go there, get there
now  then
right now  right then, at once
ago  before
this day, today  that day
tonight  that night
yesterday  the day before, the previous day
last night  the night before, the previous day
yesterday morning  the morning before, the previous morning
tomorrow  the following day
tomorrow evening  the following evening
next week  the following week
last year  the year before, the previous year
the day before yesterday  two days before, two days earlier
the day after tomorrow  in two days’ time.

8. Reported Questions Ex : “Why have you come here?”
There is no inversion of subject and auxiliary verb and there is no do/does/did.
Say, say to, tell  ask, require, want to know, wonder, etc...
Said, said to, told  asked, required, wanted to know, wondered, etc...
Ex : “Why have you come here?”
I asked her why she had come here.
“What time is it?”
He wants to know what time it is.
“Where do you live?”
She asked me where I lived.

9. If there is no question word, use if or whether:
Note:
We do not use a question mark in a reported question.
We do not use say in reported questions.
If there is no question word, use if or whether:
Ex : She wants to know If / Whether she should wear a dress.

10. Reported Commands, Requests
Say, say to  tell, ask, require, order, beg, advise, warn, etc.
Said, said to  told, asked, required, ordered, begged, advised, warned, etc.
VERB + PERSON + TO + INFINITIVE
Ex : They told us to go away.
They asked me to look after their cat.
He urged the teachers to go back to work.
For negative commands, use not before to.
Ex : He told me not to tell anyone.
The police warn people not to go out.

11. Exclamatory Sentences
1. Choose an appropriate verb.
2. Use adverb to express emotional feelings.
3. Use “THAT” compulsorily.
4. Delete exclamatory words.
5. Change structure of the sentence from exclamatory sentence to normal one.
Ex : - Terry (to Jane): “Let’s go to a pub”, but she answerd “No, let’s not. Let’s go to Regent’s Park. Look! The sun’s shining.”
Terry suggested going to a pub but Jane disagreed. She suggested going to Regent’s park because the sun was shining.
- They said, “Hurrah! We’ve won the game.”
 They cheered up happily that their team had won the game.

12. Exercises with Reported Statements and Questions.
PRACTICE
TASK 1:
Exercises with Reported Statements and Questions.

13. Exercises with Reported Commands.
TASK 2:
Exercises with Reported Commands.