1. Chapter 5 THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION From Elite Protest to Popular Revolt, 1763–1783

2. That’s Weird
The term "the whole 9 yards" came from WWII fighter pilots in the Pacific. When arming their airplanes on the ground, the .50 caliber machine gun ammo belts measured exactly 27 feet, before being loaded into the fuselage. If the pilots fired all their ammo at a target, it got "the whole 9 yards.”
Armored knights raised their visors to identify themselves when they rode past their king. This custom has become the modern military salute.
The phrase "sleep tight" derives from the fact that early mattresses were filled with straw and held up with rope stretched across the bed frame. A tight sleep was a comfortable sleep.

3. Fun Historical Facts
Benjamin Franklin invented several things in his lifetime. Some of his inventions include: bifocals, urinary catheter, the lightning rod, the Franklin stove, odometer, and a tool called the long arm (to grasp objects too high for him to reach)
Of Americas Founding Fathers who became president, only, George Washington did not go to college
Nowhere in the Constitution does it say that U.S. Supreme Court justices have to be lawyers or have any kind of legal training at all (James Byrnes, was on the court from 1941 to 1942, had little formal education and never attended college)

4. Colonial Products and Trade

5. Structure of Colonial Society
1760s an optimistic post-war period
Striking ethnic and racial diversity
60% of population under twenty-one years old
Relatively high per-capita GDP
Most still considered themselves as British subjects 2

6. Breakdown of Political Trust
1760—George III ascends throne
Despite limited ability, wants to take more active role in government
Parliamentary sovereignty
English officials assume that Parliament must have ultimate authority
Colonists try to reserve internal colonial authority for their own legislatures
Americans not represented at all in Parliament
Colonists insist only colonial assemblies should represent Americans 3

7. Eroding the Bonds of Empire
Large, expensive debt and army left in America from Seven Years’ War
Colonists doubt the army’s value
Pontiac’s War
Exposes the British army’s weakness
Colonists determined to settle trans-Appalachian West
Proclamation of 1763 bans settlement in trans-Appalachian West (Avoid conflict w/Native Americans)

8. Paying Off the National Debt
Prime Minister George Grenville attempts to reduce England’s war debt
Sugar Act 1764 (redefines relationship w/G.B.)
Stamp Act 1765 (Raise revenue to pay for British troops)
A series of other Acts will be passed that will lead to protest and all out war!!!!

10. Popular Protest
Sons of Liberty protest includes riots, mob violence, and boycotts
Boston Massacre
Boston Tea Party (response to the Coercive Acts) 7

11. Steps Toward Independence
Sept 1774—First Continental Congress in response to Coercive Acts
Congress commends urging forcible resistance
Lexington and Concord (April 1775)
“The Shot Heard Around the World” 17

12. Brain Scan 49 of people try to do this on an airplane. What is it?
Find their house
The average household losses 3 of these a year. What are they?
Forks
Every year 2,000 people are injured doing this in the kitchen. What is it?
Separating frozen food with a knife

13. Beginning “The World Over Again”
British colonial governments collapse
Second Continental Congress—action and inaction
British blockade makes compromise unlikely
June 1775—Organize the colonies for war (George Washington appointed commander in chief)
January 1776—Thomas Paine’s Common Sense
Convinces ordinary colonists to sever ties with Britain
Jefferson writes Declaration of Independence
Influenced by John Locke
July 4—Declaration of Independence issued
“all men are created equal” and “king is the cause” 19

14. Fighting for Independence
British confident of victory
Larger population, more resources
Naval supremacy
British underestimate Americans’ commitment to their political ideology
Most were volunteers
Continental army to be a fighting force and symbol of the republican cause 21

15. The American Revolution, 1775–1781
The French Alliance
The American Revolution, 1775–1781
Does not go well for Americans for the first two years
Effects of Saratoga (Oct 1777)
Convinces France that colonists are serious enough to become formal allies
This alliance leads to colonial victory 25

16. Loyalist Strongholds

17. The Loyalist Dilemma Loyalists share basic ideology with Patriots
Loyalists see rebellion as endangering “life, liberty, and property”
Loyalists treated poorly by both sides
British never fully trust Loyalists
Patriots seize property, imprison, execute some
More than 100,000 Loyalists leave U.S. at war’s end 27

18. Winning the Peace
American negotiators are John Jay, Ben Franklin, and John Adams
Peace Treaty of 1783
U.S. independence recognized
U.S. gets all territory east of Mississippi River, between Canada and Florida
U.S. secures fishing rights in North Atlantic
U.S. will help British merchants and Loyalists collect debts 28

19. Preserving Independence
The American Revolution begins construction of new form of government
Question remains: a government of the elite or a government of the people? 29