1. Revolutions of 1848

2. France Louis XVIII (1814-1824) Constitutional Charter of 1814
Moderate but not liberal
Constitutional Charter of 1814
About 1/3 of a percent had the right to vote
Chamber of Deputies (legislative body)
Guaranteed some basic rights for citizens

3. France Charles X (1824-1830) Brother of Louis XVI and XVIII
Conservative, wanted to bring back the Old Regime
Hopes to have conservatives elected into the Chamber

4. 1830 Revolution
June
Charles holds a special election to gain seats in the Chamber
Doesn’t get the votes he wanted
July 6th
Suspends the Constitution
Decides to rule by “ordinances”

5. July Ordinances (July 25th)
Suspended the liberty of the press
Dissolved the newly elected Chamber of Deputies
Reduced the number of deputies in future Chambers
Summoned new electoral colleges for September of that year
Excluded the commercial bourgeoisie from future elections

6. People revolt in the streets of Paris
Charles X flees, abdicates on August 2nd
“Liberty Leading The People” - Delcroix

7. Louis Philippe (1830-1848) Accepts the Charter of 1814
Accepts the Revolutionary Flag
“King of the French People”
Actually made very little democratic change
Supported the wealthy upper middle class

8. Adolf Thiers
1830 leads the call for revolt against Charles X and the July Ordinances
Works as Prime Minister under Louis Philippe
Leads suppression of Paris Commune in 1871
Provisional President of France

9. Revolutions of 1848 1847 bad economic year, lots of protests
Louis Philippe had made little changes
Ends right to assemble
“Banquets” – created to assemble and voice opposition
February 1848 Louis outlaws banquets
Paris erupts, Louis flees to England

10. Two Forces of Revolution
Moderate Middle Class
Want political change
Want universal suffrage
Want equal economic opportunity
Working Class
Want political change
Want universal suffrage
Want equal economics
Push for Government Workshops
No unemployment
Government provides jobs and income
Socialism

11. The 2nd French Republic 10 man executive committee Elected Congress
500 moderate, 300 monarchists, 100 radical
Created universal male suffrage
10 hr. work day
No slavery
No death penalty

12. The Big Question!
Should the government guarantee everyone a job and income?
Working class: Yes!
Middle Class: No!
Compromise: Temporary Relief Workshops
Paris workshop grows from 10,000 in March to 120,000 in June
Dig a hole, fill the hole

13. June Days
French government does not have the money to continue Paris workshop
People of France elect a more conservative government that ends the workshops.
Workers told to go join the army
Paris erupts…again!
Peasant (outside of Paris) side with the conservatives.
Love their private ownership of land
2nd Republic had created taxes which hurt landowners to support workshops in Paris

14. June Days continued New conservative gov’t brings in the army
Led by General Cavaignac
Given temporary dictatorial powers over France
Ends the uprising and the 2nd Republic
Elections held in December
Cavaignac expected to win
Outsider with a good name sweeps the elections…
Louis Napoleon

15. 1848 Austrian Revolution Nationalism, Liberalism, and Socialism
Hungary wants its autonomy
1848 Students and workers protest in the streets
Students want universal male suffrage and more democracy
Workers want nationalized workshops
Emperor Ferdinand I
Weak, gives in to some demands
Abolishes serfdom

16. Hungary Lajos Kossuth – leader Declare their independence from Austria
Include other areas, not just Hungarians
Other ethnic enclaves want their own autonomy
Serbia, Croatia, Romania
Fought against Hungary
Got support from the Austrian monarchy
Russia comes to aid of Austria to finish the job

17. Coup Ferdinand’s sister in law thought he was weak
Recruits other nobles to support her son
Crush uprisings in Prague, Vienna and eventually Hungary
Francis Joseph I
Crowned emperor in December of 1848

18. Prussia Revolt led by middle class liberals and factory workers
Factory workers wanted:
More government support…socialism
Liberals Wanted:
unified German state
Constitutional Monarchy

19. Frederick William IV Leader of Prussia
1848 agrees to create a Constitutional Monarchy
Never creates it

20. National Assembly National assembly created in Frankfurt
Goal is to write a new Constitution for a united Germany
War breaks out between Denmark and Schleswig / Holstein
National Assembly asks the Prussian Army to do something