1. Nationalism 1815-1848 HWH UNIT 5 CHAPTER 8.1-8.2

2. Conservative vs. Liberal Conservative  Monarchy  Congress of Vienna  Anti-Nationalism  Pro-Church  Aristocracy  Old Regime Liberal  Bourgeoisie  Rights for the people  Constitutional government  National Unity  Laissez-faire economics

3. The Conservative Order, 1815

4. Example 1: Serbia  Revolted from Ottomans starting in 1804  Aid from Mother Russia  Slavic Language  Eastern Orthodox Christianity  THIS WILL BE IMPORTANT FOR WORLD WAR I

5. Example 2: Greece  Ruled by the Ottoman Empire since 15 th Century  The “ Eastern Question ”  1821 Revolt  Alexander Ypsilanti  Supported by Britain, France, and Russia  King Otto I (a German)

6. Example 3: Spain and Italy  Both had liberal uprisings in 1820; both crushed by the Concert of Europe  France intervenes in Spain  Austria intervenes in Italy  NATIONALISM IS SUPRESSED (for now)

7. Example 4: France After Napoleon  Bourbon Restoration  Louis XVIII (r. 1814-1824)  The Charter of 1814  Constitutional Monarchy  Kept many reforms of Napoleon  Did not change land rights

8. Trouble in France…again.  1824: Louis XVIII dies and is replaced by his conservative brother Charles X (r. 1824-30)

9. Charles X  Leaned toward the old regime  Vehemently opposed the Revolution  Compensated émigrés  Gave clergy control of schools  Took away voting rights and free speech

10. The July Revolution (July 27-29, 1830) “Les Trois Glorieuses”  Paris rises up  1800 killed  Charles abdicates  Louis-Philippe takes over

11. Louis Philippe The July Monarchy, 1830-1848 The “ Citizen King ”

12. Example 5: Belgium  Declared independence from the Netherlands in 1830  Was part of France; Congress of Vienna merged it with the Netherlands  1839: the major European powers recognize Belgium  All promise to guarantee its neutrality  THIS WILL BE IMPORTANT IN 1914

13. Example 6: Poland  Tries to revolt in 1830  Crushed by Nicholas I of Russia  No other nations would help Poland

14. 1848: THE YEAR OF REVOLUTION

15. Example 7: France (again..)  “When France sneezes, Europe gets a cold.”  The “February Days” 1848  Louis-Philippe overthrown

16. Conflict among the Revolutionaries Radical Socialists  Lower class  Louis Blanc  Social reform  National Workshops Liberal Republicans  Middle class  Alphonse de Lamartine  Political reform  NO national workshops

17. The “ June Days ”  Class warfare in Paris (June 24-26)  Working class vs. Bourgeoisie

18. Impact of the June Days 1. Nearly 10,000 dead 2. New Constitution The Second Republic Universal male suffrage 3. Election of 1848  Louis Napoleon Bonaparte  Nephew of Napoleon

19. President Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte (1848-1852)  1851: Louis-Napoleon seizes power for himself  Approved by plebiscite  1852: Louis Napoleon declares himself Emperor Napoleon III  (r. 1852-1870)

21. Revolts in Austria and Italy, 1848  Students riot in Vienna  Metternich flees  Louis Kossuth leads a Hungarian revolt  Italians set up independent republics  ALL CRUSHED

22. Germany, 1848  German Confederation  Austria vs. Prussia  More than 30 states  Frederick William IV  King of unified Germany?  Nein!