1. Reorganization of British Empire No more salutary neglect No more salutary neglect Pressure building in GB to reduce heavy taxes Pressure building in GB to reduce heavy taxes Make Am. Colonists pay for war Make Am. Colonists pay for war Pontiac’s Rebellion-angered by colonists moving westward, attacked. GB sent troops. Pontiac’s Rebellion-angered by colonists moving westward, attacked. GB sent troops. Proclamation of 1763-GB said colonists couldn’t settle west of Appalachians. Angered colonists, 1000’s streamed westward Proclamation of 1763-GB said colonists couldn’t settle west of Appalachians. Angered colonists, 1000’s streamed westward

2. British Actions and Colonial Reactions Sugar Act 1764-taxes on foreign sugar and Navigation Acts more strict Sugar Act 1764-taxes on foreign sugar and Navigation Acts more strict Quartering Act 1765-colonists provide food and lodging to soldiers Quartering Act 1765-colonists provide food and lodging to soldiers Stamp Act 1765-revenue stamps must be purchased and placed on important printed paper. Legal documents, pamphlets, ads. Stamp Act 1765-revenue stamps must be purchased and placed on important printed paper. Legal documents, pamphlets, ads. -Direct tax!

3. Colonial Reactions Patrick Henry, James Otis: “No taxation without representation!” Patrick Henry, James Otis: “No taxation without representation!” Stamp Act Congress 1765-9 colonies met in NY to decide what to do. Stamp Act Congress 1765-9 colonies met in NY to decide what to do. -Sons and Daughters of Liberty established. Secret society to intimidate tax agents. Boycott British goods. By 1776, Stamp Act repealed. Boycott British goods. By 1776, Stamp Act repealed. Declaratory Act 1766. GB make any law “in all cases necessary.” Declaratory Act 1766. GB make any law “in all cases necessary.”

4. Colonial Reactions-Tar and Feather The first recorded incident in America was in 1766: Captain William Smith was tarred, feathered, and dumped into the harbor of Norfolk, Virginia, by a mob that included the town's Mayor. He was picked up by a vessel just as his strength was giving out. He survived, and was later quoted as saying that "…[they] dawbed my body and face all over with tar and afterwards threw feathers on me." As with most other tar-and-feathers victims in the following decade, Smith was suspected of informing on smugglers to the British service. The first recorded incident in America was in 1766: Captain William Smith was tarred, feathered, and dumped into the harbor of Norfolk, Virginia, by a mob that included the town's Mayor. He was picked up by a vessel just as his strength was giving out. He survived, and was later quoted as saying that "…[they] dawbed my body and face all over with tar and afterwards threw feathers on me." As with most other tar-and-feathers victims in the following decade, Smith was suspected of informing on smugglers to the British Customs service.Customs

5. 2 nd Phase of Crisis 1767-1773 Charles Townshend Acts 1767 (indirect tax) Charles Townshend Acts 1767 (indirect tax) 1. Duties on glass and paper 2. Tea Tax (1773)-to prevent bankruptcy of British East Indian Company; undercut price of smuggled tea in colonies 2. Crown officials to be paid with this revenue $, no longer paid by colonial assemblies- consequence? 3. Search of private homes for goods with general license-aka “writs of assistance.” 4. Suspension of NY’s colonial assembly

6. Colonial Reactions to Townshend Acts James Otis, Samuel Adams, John Dickinson argued against new taxes James Otis, Samuel Adams, John Dickinson argued against new taxes Otis and Adams wrote Massachusetts Circular Letter. Sent copies to every colonial legislature. Otis and Adams wrote Massachusetts Circular Letter. Sent copies to every colonial legislature. -GB increased # of troops in Boston  Boycotts and smuggling ensued.  Repealed in 1770.

7. Boston Massacre March 1770. Colonists unarmed. March 1770. Colonists unarmed. 5 colonists killed, including African-American Crispus Attucks. 5 colonists killed, including African-American Crispus Attucks. Soldiers defended by John Adams in court, acquitted of murder. Soldiers defended by John Adams in court, acquitted of murder. Samuel Adams, John’s cousin, angered and called it a massacre-what constitutes a massacre? Samuel Adams, John’s cousin, angered and called it a massacre-what constitutes a massacre?

8. Boston Massacre

9. Tea Party, 1773

10. Intolerable Acts, 1774 Closed Boston Harbor until destroyed tea is repaid Closed Boston Harbor until destroyed tea is repaid Reduced the power of Massachusetts Legislature Reduced the power of Massachusetts Legislature Royal officials accused of crimes will now be tried in England Royal officials accused of crimes will now be tried in England Quartering Act applied to all colonies Quartering Act applied to all colonies

11. 1 st Continental Congress, April 19, 1775 Appealed to king as loyal citizens to repeal intolerable acts Appealed to king as loyal citizens to repeal intolerable acts 1 st time we see united political 13 colonies with common grievances 1 st time we see united political 13 colonies with common grievances Wrote Declaration of Rights and Grievances Wrote Declaration of Rights and Grievances Urged creation of committees of correspondence in each colony Urged creation of committees of correspondence in each colony King’s response was that Massachusetts was in a state of rebellion and sent additional troops King’s response was that Massachusetts was in a state of rebellion and sent additional troops

12. Lexington and Concord, May 10, 1775 Show fighting Show fighting

13. 2 nd Continental Congress, May 10, 1775 Washington appointed Commander of new Continental Army Washington appointed Commander of new Continental Army British regulars used formation tactics whereas colonists used guerilla warfare British regulars used formation tactics whereas colonists used guerilla warfare Washington attempted to take British via Quebec, but failed Washington attempted to take British via Quebec, but failed Washington did force British out of Boston Washington did force British out of Boston British continuously offered peace terms but by July 1776, Americans wanted independence! British continuously offered peace terms but by July 1776, Americans wanted independence!

14. Declaration of Independence and Committee of Five 56 representatives from all colonies met 56 representatives from all colonies met John Adams, Ben Franklin, Robert Linvingston, Roger Sherman and Thomas Jefferson John Adams, Ben Franklin, Robert Linvingston, Roger Sherman and Thomas Jefferson Wanted a clear consensus for independence Wanted a clear consensus for independence