1. Parliament Triumphs in England Ch. 4 Sec. 3 1

2.   1485-1603 Tutors ruled England  Believed in Divine Right  Henry used Parliament when he broke from the Church  Henry went to Parliament for money and many times to raise taxes Tutors Work with Parliament 2

3.   English Civil War  Last of Tutors (Elizabeth I) passed away- throne goes to Stuart monarchs- James I  James I agreed to rule under English law, but quickly started lecturing about “Divine Right”  James would dissolve parliament and collect taxes on his own  1625: Charles I followed his father  Imprisoned foes without trial  Needed taxes- summoned parliament- forced to sign “Petition of Rights” Revolution begins 3

4. James I Charles I 4

5.   Charles I Cont.  He dismissed Parliament and ruled without them  Then needed their help and summoned parliament  1640: The Long Parliament  Greatest political revolution in English history  Parliament could not be dissolved without its own consent Revolution continues 5

6. Cavalier Roundhead Cavaliers vs Roundheads Cavaliers- Charles I; wealthy nobles Roundheads- Oliver Cromwell; town-dwellers, clergy 6

7.   Charles I at mercy of Parliament was put on trial and executed – “tyrant, traitor, murderer, & public enemy”  Cromwell and the Commonwealth  Cromwell declared England a Republic known as the Commonwealth and ruled as military dictator  Became a Puritan society- Catholics could be killed on the spot  Commonwealth ended with death of Cromwell- Charles II returned from exile to take the throne End of Century of Revolutionary 7

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9.   Well liked/popular ruler  Reopened theaters  Reestablished Church of England but encouraged toleration  Accepted Petition of Right but shared his father’s view of absolute monarchy- secretly had Catholic sympathies Charles II 9

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11.   Charles II’s brother James II took over the throne 1685 - not well liked among English- openly Catholic  Parliament asks James’s daughter, Mary and husband (William III) to become rulers of England  With their arrival- James II fled to France  Bloodless overthrow- Glorious Revolution  Mary and Will had to accept English Bill of Rights before being crowned England’s Glorious Revolution 11

12. Glorious Revolution Charles II William and Mary 12

13.   Ensured superiority of Parliament over monarchy  Required monarchy to summon Parliament regularly  Gave House of Commons “power of the purse”  Barred any Roman Catholic from inheriting the throne  It created a limited monarchy  Evolves into a Constitutional Monarchy- political parties, the cabinet, and the offices of the Prime Minister  Constitutional Monarchy idea spread to the Americas with two parties and a cabinet English Bill of Rights 13

14.   Development of Constitutional Government - a government whose power is defined and limited by law  3 new institutions arose:  Political parties (1600s) - Tories and Whigs  The cabinet (1700s) – named after small room they met in  Office of Prime Minister - head of cabinet/ became chief official of British government  In time- prime minister exceeded power of monarch Constitutional Monarchy 14