1. Genetic Engineering

2. Some New Words Genetic engineering Recombinant DNA: DNA that has been made by COMBINING two or more different organisms. Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer conducted the first genetic engineering experiment on African frogs.

3. Genetic Engineering Step 1 Cutting DNA: the gene we want is cut by restriction enzymes. This section of DNA is carried to another cell. We often use yeasts, viruses, or plasmids to carry the cut DNA.

4. Step 2 Making new DNA: The DNA from the original mixes with the DNA of what is carrying it.

5. Step 3 Cloning: Gene cloning is where many copies of the gene we wanted are made each time the cell reproduces.

6. Step 4 Screening: Cell that have been changed are removed from any other cells around it that did not accept the new DNA. These cells can now transcribe and translate the new protein.

7. Confirmation of a Cloned Gene Perform a Southern blot The DNA fragments are separated by electrophoresis. This is an electric field within a gel used to separate the molecules by size