1. Describe the territorial changes after WWI. Be sure to focus on Russia, Germany, and the Ottoman and A/H Empires.

2. What statement is the artist making about the Treaties of Versailles? How would the “Big Four” perceive this cartoon? How would the average German?

3. Wilson’s 14 Points 1. No more secret agreements ("Open covenants openly arrived at"). 2. Free navigation of all seas. 3. An end to all economic barriers between countries. 4. Countries to reduce weapon numbers. 5. All decisions regarding the colonies should be impartial 6. The German Army is to be removed from Russia. Russia should be left to develop her own political set-up. 7. Belgium should be independent like before the war. 8. France should be fully liberated and allowed to recover Alsace-Lorraine 9. All Italians are to be allowed to live in Italy. Italy's borders are to "along clearly recognisable lines of nationality." 10. Self-determination should be allowed for all those living in Austria-Hungary. 11. Self-determination and guarantees of independence should be allowed for the Balkan states. 12. The Turkish people should be governed by the Turkish government. Non-Turks in the old Turkish Empire should govern themselves. 13. An independent Poland should be created which should have access to the sea. 14. A League of Nations should be set up to guarantee the political and territorial independence of all states. Which of the above do you think was the MOST important to a lasting peace? Why? Which did Wilson think was? How were points 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, (individually) 10-13, (together) and 14 a direct response to the causes of the Great War?

4. What were the goals of EACH country represented at Versailles? Were the goals compatible?

5. What does this cartoon mean? What is the artist implying? How does it fit into the statement by Marshal Ferdinand Foch of France: “This isn’t a peace, it’s a twenty year truce!”

6. What role(s) did the new USSR play in the peace negotiating? What was the significance of the “balance of power” during the peace talks? What role did reparations play in the negotiations?

7. Lady Germania chained to a torture pole. German political picture, June 1919 What did the war – and more importantly the peace- cost Germany? Think more than just money- though that is a factor!

8. Merriman makes a point of a conflict at Versailles between idealism and reality. What is this conflict about? Who was on what side? Which side ultimately won?

9. After the war, French diplomat Jules Cambon said, “France victorious must grow accustomed to being a lesser power than Germany vanquished.” What did he mean by this? Why did he think it to be true?

10. How did WWI end? How did the way it ended present problems, both immediately and in the future? Why were there so many separate treaties? What were some problems these “separate peaces” presented?