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Published byTyler Webb Modified over 8 years ago
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Reviving Religion And the Birth of the Reform Movement
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The Importance of Religion ä By ä By 1850, 3/4 of 23 million Americans regularly attended church ä Many ä Many changes in religious faith ä Deism ä Deism and the Unitarian Faith ä Unitarians: ä No ä No Trinity, Jesus a man, stressed man’s goodness, emphasized works ä Embraced ä Embraced by intellectuals
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The Second Great Awakening äCäCäCäC. 1800 - A reaction against liberalism in religion äPäPäPäPervasive evangelicalism that sparks religious and social reform äGäGäGäGiant crusades (revival meetings) äMäMäMäMethodists and Baptists äPäPäPäPeter Cartwright (1785-1872) - best known traveling Methodist preacher äCäCäCäCharles Finney - greatest of the revival preachers
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The Church of Latter-Day Saints ä Joseph Smith founds Mormonism ä Known as the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ä Brigham Young becomes the Mormon leader in 1844 ä Smith murdered by an Illinois mob ä The Mormons settle at the Great Salt Lake in Utah ä Utah Territory brought into the United States in 1850 (45th state in 1896) ä Young serves as Governor
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The Age of Reform ä American reformers promoted change in many areas of society ä Reform societies formed to take on the social evils of America ä The reform movement was a product of the Second Great Awakening
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Prison Reform ä Debtors Prisons eventually eliminated ä The number of capital crimes was reduced ä Cruel and unusual punishments were outlawed ä Prisons became places of reform as well as punishment
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Reforming the Treatment of Mental Illness ä Imprisonment and cruel treatment of the insane persisted into the 19th century ä Dorothea Dix the leading reformer in the field
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The Temperance Movement ä Men as a group tended to drink liquor much more than women ä Economic & environmental reasons for the popularity of liquor ä Temperance movement led by women
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The Temperance Movement ä One of the most successful reform movements ä By the 1840’s, the nation witnessed a sharp decline in alcohol consumption. ä Consumption was 1/2 the rate during the 1820’s
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Abolition ä William Lloyd Garrison a leading voice against slavery ä Uncompromising in his demand for emancipation ä Earned support of Black Abolitionists, including Frederick Douglass and Sojourner Truth
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The Utopian Communities ä Experimental cooperative communities established by reformers ä Founders were intellectuals ä Alternatives to competitive economic society
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Robert Owen & New Harmony ä Founded in 1825 in Indiana by British-born Owen - 1000 residents ä Formed for the betterment of workers ä Community quickly fell apart ä Owenism survived beyond New Harmony
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Brook Farm - 1841 ä Experimental community in Mass. ä Formed by Transcendentalists ä Alternative to competitive commercial life of cities ä Mecca for renowned writers ä Disbanded in 1849 - never > 100 residents
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Oneida Colony, NY - 1848 ä Founded ä Founded by John Humphrey Noyes ä Most ä Most radical but long lived ä Practiced ä Practiced “complex marriage”, birth control, selective breeding, communism ä Dissolved ä Dissolved c. 1880
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The Shakers ä Led by Mother Ann Lee in Lebanon, Ny ä Hostile to materialism ä Shaker furniture a hallmark of the group ä Shaker movement peaked in 1820’s
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A woman’s sphere ä Catherine Beecher and “domestic economy” ä “The cult of domesticity” ä Socially assigned roles for men and women persist
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The Legal Status of Women ä Legal status of women largely unchanged since the Revolution ä No suffrage on a national level ä Subordinate to husband ä Origin of women’s rights movement - abolition
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The Seneca Falls Convention of 1848 ä Organized by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton ä Issued the Declaration of Sentiments based on Dec. of Ind. ä Argued that laws placed women “in a position inferior to that of men” ä Convention an important step in the Women’s Rights Movement
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Susan B. Anthony ä A Quaker active in temperance and abolition groups ä Joined women’s rights cause in 1850s ä Labored alongside Stanton in the crusade for women’s rights
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A long road to suffrage ä Progress toward voting rights is slow ä No national right to vote until 1920 with passage of the 19th Amendment ä Some legal gains made, especially regarding property ownership, wages, and child custody.
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“Women’s Work” ä Careers open to women were limited ä Primary fields were nursing and teaching ä Difficult for women to break into traditionally male professions ä Those who did tended to excel beyond expectations of detractors
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