1. SC.912.L.14.7
By: Joselyn Turcios

2. Roots Anchors the plant in place and prevent the plant from moving
Absorbs water and nutrients from the soil
Stores water and food in certain types of plants
Provides host sites for bacteria and fungi

3. Stems
They are an organ that holds upright the plants so they absorb sunlight and air
Transports water and minerals from the roots to the leaves
Each node is a bud of meristem tissue that divides and specializes to form a certain structure
Ground tissue forms the interior of the stem which fills water to support the plant
Bundles of vascular tissue run through the ground tissue of a stem and transports fluids

4. Leaves Stores food and water and modified to meet necessary functions
The tissues are made of cells
Example: Mesophyll cells
Major job for leaves is to accomplish photosynthesis
Are flat and thin that allows sunlight to penetrate the deepest tissues of the leaf
Leaves are the primary site of photosynthesis

5. Flowers Are an reproductive organ that are monoecious and diecious
Pollen and ovules are produced normally through the process of meiosis
Visually attracts pollinators sometimes even with scented attracted like nectar
Insects get attracted and transfer pollen between the flowers and help to pollinate
Provides a platform for fertilized ovules to develop and distribute flower and seeds

6. Fruit An ovarian organ Only found in angiosperms
Protects the seeds which the contain the embryo and endosperm in the seed coat
The flesh of the fruit attracts animals to spread the seeds

7. Cones An organ that contains reproductive structures
Female cones contain ovules, when fertilized by pollen they become seeds
Male cones produces pollen that are usually herbaceous

8. Photosynthesis
Process used by plants and other autotrophic organisms that convert light into energy from the sun
Photosynthetic tissue in a leaf is called mesophyll
Chlorophyll are pigments of photosynthesis produced in chloroplasts in the photosynthetic tissues of leaves

9. Cellular Respiration
Plants use respiration to convert the energy in glucose molecules
This process consumes glucose and oxygen same as in animals
The energy released during the break down of carbonhydrates is stored in specialized molecules for later use

10. Transportation
Plants with a transport system are called Vascular plants
Transports water, minerals, and food for the plant
Xylem and phloem transport the water, nutrients, and starch to the various parts of the plants
The transporting system extends from the roots through the stems

11. Growth and Reproduction
Plants show a indeterminate growth
Meristematic tissues continues to rapidly divide that produces undifferentiated cells
Plants do not have a pre-programmed body plan
Reproduction in plants is either sexual or asexual
Sexual reproduction produces an offspring by the fusion of gametes
Asexual reproduction are do not produce an offspring with the fusion of gametes

12. Meristematic
Is the tissue in most plants consisting of meristematic cells
It is located in the apical meristems at the growing point of stems and roots
Meristematic cells permit growth of stems and roots

13. Ground
The ground tissue system synthesizes organic compound that supports the plant
Provides storage for the plant
Most of it is made up of parenchyma cells
Parenchyma cells synthesize and store organic products in a plant
Collenchyma cells have a support system in young plants
Sclerechyma cells have a hardening agent and are more rigid that supports plants

14. Dermal and Vascular Tissue
Dermal tissue consists of epidermis and the periderm
The epidermis is the plant’s “skin” that retains water and contains stomata
The periderm is multilayered that consists of phellem, phelloderm, phellogen
Vascular tissue is mostly made of xylem and phloem
Allows water and other nutrients to be transported throughout the plant

15. Cambium and Guard Cells
Responsible for secondary growth in a plant
Produces phloem towards the outside of the plant
Produces xylem towards the inside of the plant
Guard cells regulate the rate of transpiration by opening and closing the stomata
It opens when there is too much water

16. Phloem Is mostly composed of sieve-tube cells and companion cells
These cells help in the transportation of sugar and nutrients produced during photosynthesis
Companion cells possess a nucleus and transports sugar in and out of the sieve- tubes

17. Root Hairs
Increases absorption by the increase of the total surface of the root
Absorbs water and inorganic nutirents
Anchors the plant’s body to the ground
Stores food and nutrients

18. Root Cap Is a small cone of cells
Protects the apical meristem as the root moves through the ground during the growth
Found covering the tip of a root behind is where the root mostly grows

19. Seed Are flowering plants
It protects the plant by food which inside is a seed that is coated for protection
Provides the development on a plant to allow the plant to reproduce itself

20. Stomata Plants having tiny openings or pores formed by guard cells
Located on the outer skin layer of a plant
The important role is to let water vapor, gases, and oxygen to move quickly in and out of the plant’s leaf

21. Xylem Consists of two types of cells, tracheids and vessel elements
Tracheids and vessel elements form tube- shaped structures providing pathways for water and minerals
Tracheids are non-living cells and are found in all vascular plants
Vessels are found only in angiosperms

22. Stamen The male reproduction organ of flowers
Consists anther and filament
Anther carries sperm and produces pollen causing the process of meiosis
Filament holds the anther to the flower

23. Pistil
The female reproduction organ of flowers which receives the pollen and produces seeds
Made up of three parts:
Stigma- the head of the pistil
Style- the long part of the pistil
Ovary- encloses the ovule that forms the fruit later on

24. Ovary Plant’s female organ of the flower that holds ovules
After fertilization by pollen it later becomes the fruit of the plant

25. Petals Assists in pollination in order for flowers to reproduce
Attracts pollinators by the colors and scent to get nectar
Protects the female and male reproductive parts of the plant

26. Sperm and Egg Sperm nuclei are produced inside the pollen grains
Directs the growth the pollen tube to the ovule in the ovary
Produced in the anthers through meiosis or meiotic cell division
Eggs are formed in the ovules
The egg carries the other half of the chromosome set from the parent mother

27. Sepal
Green-leaf like structures that enclose and protects the developing flower
Modified leaf in the outer most whorl calyx of a flower
Allows the calyx to open and has a rigid support for petals and reproductive organs

28. Filament and Anther
Filament is one of the two main part of the male flower’s reproductive organ
Part of the stamen that connects the anther to the corolla
Filament supports the anther
Anther is the other main part of the male flower’s reproductive organ
Made up of pollen sacs which contain pollen grains

29. Style and Stigma
Styles is the male gamete that travels down the style of the flower to its female ovule
Connects stigma to the ovary
A receptive surface where pollen lands and germinates its pollen tube
Part of the stigma is corn silk