1. Gender Nouns

2. Some considerations: 1. Most nouns that end in O are masculine. – El libro 2. Nouns that indicate male persons are masculine. – el padre (father) Most nouns that end in MA/PA/TA – El clima -- el mapa -- el dentista

3. considerations 4. Most nouns that end in A are feminine. – La casa 5. Nouns that refer to female persons are feminine. – La madre ( mother) 6. Most nouns that end in DAD are feminine. – La universidad 7. Most nouns that end in CIÓN are feminine. – La nación

4. Considerations Many nouns that refer to males and females have corresponding O and A forms. – El amigo La amiga Most masculine nouns that end in a consonant add an A to form the feminine form. – El profesorla profesora Some nouns are identical in the masculine and feminine forms. Only the article changes to indicate gender. – El estudiante La estudiante

5. Plurals If the noun ends in a vowel add an S to pluralize it. – casa casas libro libros If the nouns ends in a consonant add an ES to pluralize it. – Profesor profesores capital capitales If the noun ends in a Z…you must first change the Z to a C…then add ES – Lápiz lápices vez veces If the nouns ends in a consonant AND an accent mark on the last syllable…the accent drops when the word is pluralized. – Lección lecciones

6. Definite articles (the) The are four ways to say the – 1. el masculine singular El libro – 2. la feminine singular La casa – 3. los masculine plural Los libros – 4. las feminine plural Las casas – You MUST use the correct one for each noun!

7. Indefinite articles There are two ways to say A,AN – Unmasculine singular Un libro – Unafeminine singular una casa The are two ways to say SOME – Unosmasculine plural Unos libros – Unasfeminine plural Unas casas