1. Conrad Chau 4A (5) Herman Lai 4A (15)
Computer Literacy Project
Computer Literacy Project
English Grammar
Conrad Chau 4A (5)
Herman Lai 4A (15)

2. Content Page Introduction Tense (I)Present Tense (II)Past Tense
(III)Future Tense
Gerund
Participles
Conditional Sentences
Transitive and Intransitive Verbs
Antonyms and Synonyms
Proofreading
Conclusion
Feelings
Working Page
To go to the part you want, click on the words highlighted.

3. Introduction
This PowerPoint tells you the use of English including tenses, gerunds and other grammar skills. It also got a proofreading exercise for all of you to try, so come on and try this PowerPoint out!!

4. The Present Tense The Simple Present Tense :
It is used to show a habitual action or facts or universal truths.
The following page are some examples to show how the simple present tense is used:

5. Examples Habitual action
Example 1: John seldom does his homework correctly.
Example 2: I usually have breakfast at 7:00am.
Facts or universal truths
Example 1: The earth moves round the sun.
Example 2: English is my favourite subject.

6. Remarks
The bare infinitive should be used in Simple Present. If the subject is not I or you, the subject is at third person. If the subject is singular (for example, book, it, he, she) and third person, we have to add ‘s’ or ‘es’ of that verb. For example,
Example 1: He does homework everyday.
Example 2: He practises piano everyday.

7. The Present Perfect Tense
Pattern: has/have + past participle
(For example, has done/has gone)
It is used to show a past action whose time is not given or not definite. When we use Present Perfect, we intend more to show the result of the past action rather than the action itself. For example,

8. Examples
Example 1: I have read the instructions but I do not understand them.
Example 2: I have heard this story twice.

9. Remarks: There have been a lot of changes recently.
If the time of the past action is definite, we can never use present perfect tense. Instead, the simple past tense should be used. Moreover, present perfect tense is used with before, lately and recently etc. These words show indefinite time, for example,
There have been a lot of changes recently.

10. The Present Perfect Tense
It is also used to show an action which happened within a period from a past time to the present time of speaking. Thus, it is used with since, for, yet and up to the recent moment, for example,
Example 1: Peter has been in this company for years.
Example 2: 20 people have died as a result of food poisoning so far this year.

11. Present Continuous Tense
Pattern: verb-to-be + “-ing” form.
It is used when an action is happening at the time of speaking. For example,
Example 1: Look at how well the children are drawing.
Example 2: I am looking for my lost watch at present.

12. Present Perfect Continuous tense
Pattern: has/have + been + “-ing” form
It is used to show a continuous action which lasted from the past time to the present time of speaking and is suppose to go on in the future. For example,
Example 1: I have been waiting for you for 5 hours.
Example 2: Mr. Chua has been living in Hong Kong for more than 10 years.

13. This is the end of Present Tense, to go back to the Content, press these words!

14. The Simple Past Tense What is the Simple Past Tense used for?
How are the structures like?
Now let us have a look at it…..

15. The Simple Past Tense The Simple Past Tense is used to :
to show an action or event in the past
to show past habits.
The following page are some examples to show how the simple past tense is used:

16. Examples To show an action or event in the past
Example 1: I saw a rabbit yesterday.
Example 2: They went to Macau last Sunday.
Example 3: The plane from Singapore arrived an hour ago.
Example 4: I met Pauline at the cinema last night.
To show past habits.
Example 1: We liked to swim in the river when we were young.
Example 2: I used to play with my uncle in his office.

17. The Past Perfect Tense Pattern: had + past participle
It is used when there are two actions, one happens earlier than other. We use Past Perfect for the first action and Simple Past for the second. For example,
Example 1: He had done his homework before he went to play.
Example 2: After they had had dinner, they returned home.

18. Past Continuous Tense
It is used to show that someone was in the middle of doing something when another action happened or at a particular past time. For example,
Example 1: We were singing in a low voice when someone suddenly broke into the room.
Example 2: She was having lunch at o’clock yesterday

19. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
It is used to describe an action began in the past and continued up to the time of speaking or just stopped. Moreover, it is used to emphasize the continuation of an activity. For example,
Example 1: What had you been playing when mother phoned you.
Example 2: I had been studying for a long time so I was feeling hot and mad.

20. This is the end of Past Tense, to go back to the Content, press these words!

21. The Future Tense Pattern: will/shall + bare infinitive
The simple future tense is used to
To show an action, which will happen later or sometimes after now. It is usually expressed by shall (first person, however not commonly used nowadays) or will (second and third person and are used more commonly nowadays) plus a bare infinitive
To express possible condition
The following page are some examples to show how the simple future tense is used:

22. The Future Tense Example 1: I will be a Form 5 student.
Example 2: What subjects shall we study?
Example 3: We will have an examination soon.
Example 4: My sister will be eighteen next year.
Example 5: I will not give any suggestions until you answer my questions.
(Under the condition that you answer the question).
Example 6: I shall answer your questions if they are not difficult.
(Under the condition that the questions are not difficult.)

23. Future Perfect Tense Pattern: by /in + a time expression
( For example: by the end of the year )
It is used to show an action that will be completed on or before a specific time in the future. For example,
Example 1: By the time the party is over, the children will have gone to sleep.
Example 2: In two years time, I shall have taken my certificate

24. Future Continuous Tense
It is used to show an action which will be completed on or before a specific time in the future and will continue from then onwards. For example,
Example 1: I will have been studying in Hong Kong Tang King Po College for five years by the end of this term.
Example 2: Angela will have been living with Peter in New York a month tomorrow.

25. This is the end of Future Tense, to go back to the Content, press these words!

26. Gerund 2)After possessive adjectives:
A gerund is a noun, formed by adding “ing” to a verb and performs the functions as a verbal noun. Gerunds can be used as a subject, after possessive adjectives, after prepositions, after certain verbs and after some common expressions. Below are some information of the above thing.
1) As a subject, for example:
Example 1: Smoking is now prohibited in cinemas
Example 2: Reading is good for you.
2)After possessive adjectives:
Example 1: Would you mind opening the window?
Example 2: Your calling on us was welcomed.

27. Gerund 3) After all prepositions:
Example 1: He insisted on paying the bill.
Example 2: I have given up smoking for a long time.
Example 3: I am used to reading at night.

28. Gerund For example: Example 1: He suggested leaving at seven o’clock.
4) After certain verbs such as the list below:
For example:
Example 1: He suggested leaving at seven o’clock.
Example 2: I caught him stealing my money.
Example 3: We spent a month working on the project.

29. Gerund 5)After common expressions These are some examples for you:
Eg. 1: It/There is no use
Eg. 2: Is it any use?
Eg. 3: It/There is no good
Eg. 4: …feel like...
Eg. 5: ...be busy...
Eg. 6: ...be worth...
Eg. 7: ...cannot help...
Eg. 8: ...cannot stand...
Below are some examples to show:
Example 1: It is no good waiting here.
Example 2: I cannot help crying over the bad news.
Example 3: I feel like going to the beach today.

30. Gerund
However, in gerund there are cases where the use of Gerund and Infinitives have different meanings.
(A) Stop + gerund: stop what one is doing.
(B) Stop + infinitive: make a break in order to do something else.
Example 1: The driver stopped examining the engine.
(=not to examine anymore)
Example 2: The driver stopped to examine the engine.
(=stopped the car so as to examine)

31. Gerund (C) Go on + gerund :continue what one has been doing.
(D) Go on + infinitive : change topic, move on to something.
Example 1: Please go on dancing, it is wonderful.
Example 2: He began cry describing the route and went on the tell us the cost of the trip.
E) Try + gerund : make an experience; do something to see what will happen. F) Try + infinitive : make an effort; attempt to do something difficult.
Example 1: I tried sending her presents but she did not respond.
Example 2: He tried to open the can but failed.

32. Gerund (G) Words such as remember, forget and regret followed by
gerund is to show what one has done or what has
happened.
(H) Words such as remember, forget and regret followed by
infinitives if we want to show what one has to more or is
going to do.
Example 1: I do not regret telling her the truth even if it may upset her.
(= I do not regret that I have told her the truth.)
Example 2: I regret to inform you that the application is successful.
(= I am going to inform you?)

33. Gerund (I) Verbs such as like, like, prefer, hate followed by a gerund
if we want to express general cases.
(J) Verbs such as like, like, prefer, hate followed by an
infinitive if referring to particular occasions.
Example 1: I prefer having dinner at home.
(general preference)
Example 2: I prefer to eat apples today.
(particular case)

34. Gerund (K)Verbs such as allow, advise, forbid, permit followed by a
gerund when there is no personal object.
(L) Verbs such as allow, advise, forbid, permit followed by
an infinitive when there is a personal object.
Example 1: We do not allow smoking in the hall.
Example 2: We do not allow people (personal object) to smoke here.
(M)Verbs such as need, require, want, deserve, want
followed by a gerund as a passive meaning.
Example 1: My hair needs cutting.
(=needs to be cut)
Example 2: The Garden needs watering.
(=needs to be watered )

35. Gerund
(N) Verb of preposition such as see, watch, notice, observe, hear, listen, feel, smell followed by a gerund if we wish to emphasize an action that was going on at the time of perceiving.
Example 1: I heard him call (bare infinitive) me yesterday.
Example 2: Do you smell something burning (gerund)?
Example 3: He was hurt (passive) to say (infinitive) that he disagreed.

36. Gerund (O)Verbs such as make and let followed by a bare infinitive
and used in a passive form after bare infinitives should
be used.
Example 1: My boss made us work (bare infinitive) all
night.
Example 2: She was made (passive) to work (infinitive) all night.

37. Gerund Example 2: I would rather go home now
P) Bare infinitives used after had better, would rather, can not, but, can do nothing but.
Example 1: We could do nothing but wait.
Example 2: I would rather go home now

38. Gerund
The following is a form of Gerund, remember this! It is very important:

39. This is the end of Gerund, to go back to the Content, press these words!

40. Participle (A) A participle is a verbal adjective which
derives from a verb and performs the
function of an adjective.
Below are the uses of participle: (I) Participle Clauses can replace adjective clauses, the next page shows you the examples,

41. Participle Example 1: The train which is arriving at Platform 2 is
the 14:20 train for Lo Wu.
 The train arriving at Platform 2 is the
14:20 train for Lo Wu.
Example 2: There were some students who were taking
Religious Studies in our class.
 There were some students taking

42. Participle participle clause to express one of them. For example,
(B) When two actions occur simultaneously, we can use a
participle clause to express one of them. For example,
Example 1: May stood at the bus stop and waited for a bus.
 May stood at the bus stop waiting for a
bus.
Example 2: The Old Lady sat on the bench and watched the children play.
 Sitting on the bench, the old lady
watched the children play.
The Old Lady sat on the bench watching
the children play.

43. Participle (C)When two actions occur one after another, we can use a
participle clause to express the first action. Thus, it can be
used to replace an adjective clause of time.
Example 1: After he had done [active] his lesson, he
rushed to the playground.
 Having done his lesson, he rushed to
the playground.

44. Participle
(continue)Example 2: After he had been accused [passive] of dishonesty, he decided to resign  Having been accused of
dishonesty, he decided to resign  Being accused of dishonesty, he
decided to resign  Accused of dishonesty, he
decided to resign.

45. Participle
(D) Participle Clauses can replace adverb clauses of reason.
Example 1: As he feared [active], his father would
hit him, he ran away from home.
 Fearing his father would hit him, he
ran away from home.
Example 2: Since she was scolded [passive] by her
mother, she cried bitterly.
 Scolded by her mother, she cried
bitterly.
Having being scolded by her mother,
she cried bitterly.

46. Participle (E) Participle Clauses can be placed after conjunctions on
prepositions.
Example 1: On hearing the news, she collapsed.
Example 2: In/While trying to open the can, I hurt myself.
Example 3: If travelling to Beijing, you must go to the Great Wall!
Example 4: Once taken, the drug has a deadly effect.

47. Participle (F) It is essential that the subject of a main clause and
participle clause should be the same. A participle clause
can have its own subject which is different from the main
clause.
Example 1: Being a fine day, we went swimming.
Example 2: It being a fine day, we went swimming.
Remarks: For some common expressions of participle clauses, their subjects need
not be the same as the main clauses.

48. This is the end of Participle, to go back to the Content, press these words!

49. Conditional sentences
A conditional sentence is composed of a conditional clause and a main clause. The conditional clause expresses the condition and the main clause expresses the consequence of that condition.

50. Conditional sentences
(i) Zero Conditional sentences:
Definition: This pattern is to show a truth.
Pattern: [If clauses] + [Main clause]
(Simple Present tense) (Simple Present tense)
Example: If water is put into the freezer, it turns ice [Conditional clause] [Main clause]

51. Conditional sentences
(ii) First Conditional sentences (Probable Condition):
Definition: This pattern is used to show a
condition which is likely to occur,
followed by a consequence.
Pattern: [If clauses] [Main clause]
(Simple Present tense) (Simple future tense)
Example (1): If it rains tomorrow, we shall cancel the picnic.
[Conditional clause] [Main clause]
Example (2): You will succeed if you work harder.
[Main clause] [Conditional clause]

52. Conditional sentences
(iii) Second Conditional sentences (Improbable
Condition)
Definition: This pattern is used to show a
condition which is impression or
unlikely to occur in present or future
time.
Pattern: [If clauses] [Main clause]
(Simple Past tense) (Would or should + verb)
Example (1): If it rains tomorrow, we would stay at home.
[Conditional clause] [Main clause]
(We are not sure whether it will rain tomorrow
or not, but probably it will not rain.)

53. Conditional sentences
(iv) Third Conditional sentences (Imaginary Condition):
Definition: This pattern is used to show a condition
which could not ever occur because it
refers to something which did not
happen in the past.
Pattern: [If clauses] [Main clause]
(Past perfect tense) (Would + verb)
Example (1): If I were you, I would not go with him.
[Conditional clause] [Main clause]
(I am not you – impossible condition.)
Remarks: ‘were’ instead of ‘was’ is usually
used for all persons to show the case
is less probable.

54. Conditional sentences
(v) Fourth Conditional sentences (Impossible Condition):
Definition: This pattern is used to show some
impossible things.
Pattern: [If clauses] [Main clause]
(Past perfect tense) (Would or should + Present Perfect tense)
Example (1):If it had rain yesterday, I would have stayed at home.
[Conditional clause] [Main clause]
(However it did not rain yesterday.)
Example (2): If it had known of your arrival, I would have met you.
[Conditional clause] [Main clause]
(However I did not know of your arrival.)

55. Conditional Sentences
(vi) Reconstruction:
Conditional sentences can begin with ‘Had’or
‘Were’.
Example (1): Had he seen you, he would have
helped you.
(= If he had seen you, he would
have helped you.)
Example (2): Were he here now, we would play
Mahjong.
(= If he were here now, we would
play Mahjong)

56. Conditional Sentences
Other conditional words can be used instead of using if. Suppose, unless, even if, even though, but for, provided that, as long as, on condition that, should can also be used as ‘if’.
Can you think some more conditional sentences words?

57. This is the end of Conditional Sentences, to go back to the Content, press these words!

58. Transitive verbs, Prepositional Verbs and Phrasal Verbs
Difference between Transitive and Intransitive verbs:
(A) A Transitive Verb is a verb which takes an object while
an intransitive verb is a verb which takes no object.
Here are some examples:

59. Transitive verbs, Prepositional Verbs and Phrasal Verbs
Prepositions are often mistaken and placed after transitive verbs.
Example 1: We have tried to contact with you.
Example 2: We have tried to contact you.
Example 3: We have tried to make contact with you.
Example 4: We doubted about what he said.
Example 5:We doubted what he said.
Example 6:We had doubts about what he said.

60. Transitive verbs, Prepositional Verbs and Phrasal Verbs
A) Some verbs combine with particular prepositions
which rake objects to complete their meaning. It is
important for us to remember which prepositions go
with certain verbs.
B)Some intransitive verbs can become transitive by
adding particular prepositions after them.
C)A verb can combine with different prepositions to
have different usage and meaning. It is important
for you to remember the usage and meaning of
various combinations.

61. Transitive verbs, Prepositional Verbs and Phrasal Verbs
(continue) (D)Sometimes, a noun/pronoun/noun phrase may
go in between the verb and the preposition.
Example 1: I would like apply this post.
Example 2: I would like to apply for this post.
Example 3: The committee objected the proposal.
Example 4: The committee rejected the proposal.
Example 5: Her mother died.
Example 6: The girl smiled at me.

62. Transitive verbs, Prepositional Verbs and Phrasal Verbs
Example 7: I must apologize for my rude behavior (=apologize to somebody)
I must apologize to her.
(=apologize to somebody)
Example 8: He shouted at the boy.
(=shout aggressively)
She shouted to the boy.
(= shout in order to call somebody.)
Example 9: He prevented me from entering his room.
Example 10: Let me explain my proposal to you.

63. Transitive verbs, Prepositional Verbs and Phrasal Verbs
A Phrasal Verb is a verb which combines with a preposition or an adverb particle to form special meanings. The sane verb can combine with different prepositions or adverbs forming different meanings. Phrasal Verbs can be either transitive or intransitive.
i)Sometimes, a Phrasal Verb can be separated with an object in between.
ii)However, if the object is a pronoun, it must not be placed after the preposition/adverb particle.
Some transitive verbs can also combine with prepositions or adverbs to form Phrasal Verbs.

64. Transitive verbs, Prepositional Verbs and Phrasal Verbs
Example 1: Look out! The car is coming.
Example 2: Please look after the baby.
Example 3: We have decided to put off the party.
Example 4: We have decided to put the party off.
Example 5: He suffered from flu yesterday.

65. This is the end of Transitive verbs, Prepositional Verbs and Phrasal Verbs, to go back to the Content, press these words!

66. Synonyms and Antonyms
Here are some Synonyms and Antonyms for you to learn.

67. Synonyms and Antonyms

68. Synonyms and Antonyms

69. Synonyms and Antonyms

70. Synonyms and Antonyms

71. This is the end of Synonyms and Antonyms, to go back to the Content, press these words!

72. Proofreading Do you know the answer? Reason:
With chickens, it is the mothers’job to lie eggs as well as to incubate them.
Do you know the answer?
lay
Reason: 說謊 躺下 生蛋

73. Proofreading In
On Ancient Times, people believed that dreams were prophecies of the future.
Reason
We usually use ‘in’ before a period of time.

74. Proofreading Reasons Did you ever tried to write down your dreams?
Have
Reasons
Present Perfect Tense is usually used with word ‘ever’.

75. Proofreading
Elephant trunks help them find their way. Beside, elephant trunks act like our hands.
Besides
Reasons
Beside means at the side of Something.
Besides mean in addition and also.

76. Proofreading The elephants trunks are like the taps with flow water.
flowing
REASON
‘Flowing’, the present participle of ‘flow’, is used as an adjective.
‘Flowing water’ means water that is flowing.

77. Proofreading There are two mistakes in this sentence.
The major accidents happened to the
children in Hong Kong are injuries breaking
bones and burns.
happening
broken

78. Proofreading Continue
Reason
1)happened  happening
The participle clause can be used to replace the relative clause.
2)break  broken
‘Broken’, the past participle of ‘break’, is used as an adjective. ‘Broken Bones’means bones which are broken.

79. Reason Proofreading They think that they will not been the
victims of the shark attacks. be
Reason
After will, we should always give a bare infinitive (be).

80. Proofreading There have a lot of treasures in the pyramid. Reason are
This is a kind of pattern that we should bare in mind. So, remember, do not make this wrong!!

81. Proofreading Our Primary School affected by a guest scared yesterday.
was
Our Primary School affected by a guest
scared yesterday.
Reason
Passive Voice should be used in order not to let the school affect itself.

82. Proofreading Many centuries ago, the Egyptian Emperor
had the pyramid builded as their homes.
built
Reason
There is no word of ‘builded’in English.

83. Proofreading Other types of cancer includes brain
tumours, lymphoma and cancer of the
kidney, etc.
Reason
As ‘types’ is a plural noun, we should use plural words (include) to make agreement.

84. Proofreading Last year, three people were killed from shark attack. in
Reason
The following should be the pattern of the sentence Killed + in + an occasion (shark attack).

85. This is the end of Proofreading, to go back to the Content, press these words!

86. Websites Here are some websites for you to go! Have a look!

87. Conclusion
This is just a simple introduction to the usage of English. It just introduces some basic grammatical concepts (e.g. tenses, conditional sentence, etc.), some vocabulary stuffs, some skills on doing exercises such as proof-reading and things like that. If you are going to improve your standard, you can do more exercises, read more books, write more in English, talk to foreigners. In fact, this is the only way to improve your English standard.

88. Conclusion
There is no real shortcuts and no endings in learning english. So, do more and write more and remember “PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT”!!

89. Feeling of Conrad
This project makes me very very tiring. This PowerPoint has nearly a 100 pages and unfortunately, we have nearly given this project more than 4 days in working (including not sleeping) while preparing, typing, previewing and so on. In my opinion, this project makes me gain more ideas on the use of PowerPoint and I also learn the fast speed of typing including using Chinese and English.

90. Feeling of Conrad
This project, however got one little problem. It has too little time on doing the project. One month, although could be a lot of time, however, as the test is coming and as we are Form 4, we got a lot of things to do including the homework load of everyday and things like that. Anyway, to conclude, I hope that Ms. Yuen and Mr. Chua will get to know more in this PowerPoint and may God Bless them all!!

91. Feeling of Herman
In this project, I can learn more skills about PowerPoint and the Grammatical Concepts of English to handle various kinds of questions, such as proof-reading, etc. However, I think that the time given should be longer because we have to do many other things apart from this project. You may say a month is already long enough, but for me, a person who do not have computer at home, is quite a difficult job.

92. Feeling of Herman
I think the teacher should give me an extra month more to complete the project.
I think doing project is useless now. We do not have so much time to do a project. On the other hand, we should prepare ourselves to prepare well for the HKCEE instead of doing other things which is not related to the HKCEE. I do think that the teachers should know how important the HKCEE is and I hope that this is the last project for my form 4 and form5 academic year, right???

93. Working page
Our distribution of work is very even, these are the works that we have done:
Conrad Chau (4A 5)
Tenses (i) Past Tense (ii)Future Tense
Gerund
Transitive and Intransitive Verbs
Antonyms and Synonyms
Introduction

94. Working Page Herman Lai (4A 15) Tense (i) Present Tense Participles
Conditional Sentences
Proofreading
Conclusion
Things that we done together:
-Front Page -Content -Feelings
-Working Page -End Page
-Proofreading of the PowerPoint

95. This is the end!
END!
BYE!