2. England  WARS OF THE ROSES LEAD TO TUDORS TAKING THRONE OF ENGLAND  RICHARD III & HENRY VII 2 PRINCES OF THE TOWER  BOSWORTH FIELD  HOUSES OF YORK AND LANCASTER

3. Tudor Family  Henry VIII ENGLISH REFORMATION Divorce and the break with the church 6 WIVES**SEE OTHER PP** THOMAS CRAMNER, THOMAS CROMWELL  EDWARD VI  Mary I-CATHOLIC  Elizabeth I-PROTESTANT

6. Tudor Family  Henry dies in 1547.  Edward VI becomes King at the age of 9. ENGLAND RULED BY A REGENT: EDWARD DUKE OF SOMMERSET EXTREMELY PROTESTANT(ANGLICAN) ENGLISH PRAYER BOOK OF 1449-1552  BIBLE IN THE VENACULAR  HE IS SICKLY AND WILL NOT LAST LONG

7. Mary I  Edward dies in 1553.  Mary becomes Queen.  Mary’s Catholic and the English are Protestant???

9. Mary I  Mary married Philip II of Spain.  She restores Catholicism to England Aided by Archbishop of Canterbury Pole  Many protestants flee England Marian Exiles Executes 300 protestants by burning them at the stake, many thousands of others are hung. John Foxe: Book of Martyrs: Thomas Cramner. Multiple false pregnancies, dies childless and throne passed to Elizabeth I her half sister, protestant

10. Elizabeth I  Elizabeth I Supremacy Bill of 1559: Supreme Governor Restores Protestant faith  Elizabethan Settlement  Prayer book of 1559  39 articles (Calvinism )  Mary, Queen of Scots

12. Elizabeth I  Allowed for ambiguity of worship  Elizabeth’s reign was a great cultural period for England

13. Elizabeth I  Promoted the arts, playwrights, and theater.  William Shakespeare.

15. Elizabeth I  Defeated Spanish Armada 1588 Supported Privateers, such as Francis Drake, known pirates Defeat of the Armada did not defeat Spain as a power  Rise of Puritans, purify the Church of England Views Beliefs Salvation signs

16. PROBLEMS FOR THE TUDORS  Parliament (Legislative Assembly) Constant struggle for power  Religion: People that did not like the Church of England (Anglican) Puritans: “Purify” church of England from Catholic influences Separatists: “separate” from the Church of England altogether. Multiple sects: Armenians Catholics: many still remained loyal to the faith

17. Stuart Family  Elizabeth dies childless and James VI of Scotland becomes James I of England.  James is the first Stuart Family ruler. Believed deeply in divine right of kings George Villiers (Lord of Buckingham) Bible Plantation Policy in Ireland Economics

18. James I  Not well liked by the people or the Nobles because he is Scottish.  New translation of the Bible (King James Bible)  Spent entire reign arguing with Parliament.

20. Charles I  Son of James I  Opposite of James Never made to be king Believed in absolutes Archbishop Laud Parliament-Tonnage & Poundage War with Scotland

22. Charles I  Needs money from parliament  Refused money so he forced people to loan him money after Parliament refused a tax increase  After 11yrs. Charles finally called Parliament together. Long parliament

23. Can they get rid of Charles I? Here is their big chance…..  Charles makes a BIG decision…..He decides that everyone should have the same prayer book. England is Anglican Scotland is Presbyterian  The Scots are furious, and revolt….this sets a series of events in motion…..

24. Parliament  Moved to limit the power of the King.  At first Charles went along but then tried to arrest the leaders of the movement against him.

25. English Revolution  This causes war to break out.  Cavaliers (loyalist) supported the king.

26. War  Roundheads led by Oliver Cromwell were backed by the Puritans.

28. Cromwell Wins  Cromwell wins and takes control. New Model Army  Charles I is tried for treason and beheaded.

29. BEHEADING OF CHARLES I AT WHITEHALL

30. Cromwell  Cromwell is given the title of Lord Protector. Barebones Parliament Head of State Instrument of Government 1653-1658 Offered to be King  Suppressed all opposition.

31. Cromwell  Everyone was forced to follow Puritan ways.  No theater, dance, etc…)  Cromwell dies.

32. Cromwell Dies  After Cromwell dies, his son is unable to rule effective.  English nobles invite Charles II to return to be King.

34. Restoration Period  This period is known as the RESTORATION because the king was restored to the throne.

35. Charles II  Charles II was known as the “Merry Monarch” because he loved to party.  17 illegitimate children  Unsuccessful due to parliament  Very attached to Catholic views  Allowed for rise of sciences, Boyle, Newton, etc..  Dies and brother takes over

37. James II  Charles II younger brother (Catholic).  England was a protestant nation.

38. James II  England agreed to allow him to be king if his heirs were raised protestant.  He had 2 daughters Anne & Mary.

39. James II  Everything was fine until James II’s new wife had a son.  He was the heir and would be catholic.

40. James II  English people very upset.  James has to flee the country, but is caught trying to escape  They ask James’s daughter and husband to take the throne. (William and Mary).

42. Glorious Revolution  Known as the Glorious Revolution because a protestant was again ruling England.  William & Mary placed on the throne by the Parliament  Overall this period was one of unresolved changes