1. STDs caused by Bacteria
Chlamydia, Gonorrhea
Syphilis

2. Chlamydia Most common Bacterial STD Transmitted
2 million people currently infected
3 million more will acquire it this year
Transmitted
Through sexual activity
During childbirth

3. Symptoms of Chlamydia 85% of women and 40% of men have no symptoms
Vaginal or urethral discharge
Burning with urination
Pelvic Pain (women)
Swelling and tenderness of the scrotum (men)
Genital ulcers

4. Long-term effects of Chlamydia
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Can damage the fallopian tubes and result in tubal scarring and infertility
Causes 25% of the infertility in women pursuing in vitro fertilization in the US
Symptoms
Pelvic and abdominal pain
Fever
Abnormal vaginal bleeding
Ectopic (tubal) pregnancy
Infants
Illness
Blindness

5. Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis – lab test (genital fluids or urine)
Treated easily IF caught early
Treatment
Oral antibiotics
Newborn infants routinely receive antibiotic eye drops/ointment to prevent eye infection

6. Gonorrhea

7. Symptoms of Gonorrhea Discharge from vagina or urethra
Pain during urination
Abnormal vaginal bleeding (“spotting”) – women
Pain and swelling around the testicles – men
25-80% of women and a smaller percentage of men have no symptoms

8. Long-term effects of Gonorrhea
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Pregnant women
Spontaneous abortion
Premature rupture of membranes
Preterm birth
May infect amniotic fluid
Blindness
Joint infection
Life-threatening blood infections

9. Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis – Body fluids will be examined and tested
Treatment
Oral or injectable antibiotics
After treatment, infected individuals should be re-examined and tested again

10. Syphilis

11. Syphilis Number of cases is again on the rise
Between 1940’s and 2000 – number of cases fell from approximately 100,000 to less than 6,000
Today, beginning to rise again (36,000)
Called “The Great Imitator”
Many of the signs/symptoms resemble other diseases
Transmitted
Sexual activity
Contact with syphilitic sores
Passed to infants during childbirth

12. Symptoms of Syphilis Primary Stage (10-90 days after infection)
Single sore (chancre)
Firm, round and painless
Occurs at spot where Syphilis entered body
Heals in 3-6 weeks if left untreated
Secondary Stage (2-8 weeks after infection)
Itch-less rash
Flu-like symptoms
Fever, swollen lymph glands, sore throat, patchy hair loss, headaches, weight loss, muscle aches and fatigue

13. Symptoms (cont) Latent stage (2 or more years after)
Signs disappear and think cured
Attacks heart, blood vessels, and CNS
Late stage (10 to 30 years after)
Heart, skin, brain, spinal cord affected
Cannot be cured at this stage

14. Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis – blood test
Treatment
Can be cured if caught early
Antibiotic
Will not repair or reverse the damage already caused by the disease
A single intramuscular injection of penicillin, an antibiotic, will cure a person who has had syphilis for less than a year.

15. STD’s caused by Viruses
HPV, Genital herpes, Hepatitis, HIV
CANNOT BE CURED!!!

16. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
More than 100 strains of HPV
40 cause genital infections
6.2 million Americans are infected with genital HPV each year
50% of sexually active Americans are or have been infected
20 million currently have the virus
Another 80 million have been infected some time in the past
In 90% of cases, the body’s immune system clears the HPV infection naturally within two years
By the age of 50, 80% of women will have acquired genital HPV
Transmission
Genital Skin-to-skin contact
Contact with infected body fluids

17. Symptoms of HPV Most patients have no symptoms Genital and Anal Warts
7% of infected people

18. Long-term effects of HPV
Cervical Cancer – Women
Genital Cancers – Men

19. Diagnosis and Treatment
abnormalities detected on a Pap Smear – women
Most asymptomatic men do not know they are infected
Treatment
Topical medications applied to the wart
Decrease in size and disappear
Surgical removal (burning with a laser)
Freezing
Even with treatment, warts will often return

20. Herpes 2

21. Genital Herpes Most common sexually transmitted viral infection in US
45 million people infected
1 in 5 American age 12 or over have genital herpes
2 types of herpes
HSV-1 and HSV-2
Most cases of genital herpes are HSV-2
Greatest risk factor is the total number sexual partners a person has had in their life

22. Transmission of Herpes
Skin to skin contact
Kissing with a sore
Touching a sore
Sexual activity
Exposure to infected body fluids
During childbirth

23. Symptoms of Herpes Initial infection Other symptoms
Fever, headache and muscle aches
Lesions appear in area of exposure
Blisters which break and become ulcers
About 8 days after exposure
Painful and often burn or itch
Other symptoms
Burning with urination, vaginal or urethral discharge, tender swollen lymph nodes
Recurrent outbreaks
Skin lesions

24. Long-term effects of Herpes
NO CURE!!!
Can transmit to others even at time when not experiencing symptoms
90% will experience at least one recurrence within 12 months of initial episode
Recurrences can occur for the remainder of the person’s life
Risk of spontaneous abortion and premature birth

25. Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis – Viral cultures
As many as 90% do not know they are infected
Treatment
Anti-viral medications
Reduces the duration and intensity of symptoms

26. Being Responsible About STDs
Seek medical help right away
Complete the full course of medications
Have follow up testing done
Avoid all sexual activity while being treated
Notify ALL sexual partners

27. Contraceptives Don’t Stop STDs

28. Safe Sex?
Safer… but not Safe Sex

29. Birth Control Pills
Female hormones that are taken orally every day to prevent ovulation or affect the lining of the uterus so that it cannot support and nourish a fertilized egg.
Does NOT protect from STDs or HIV.

30. Think about it…
Approximately 1 in every 5 people using condoms for pregnancy protection will get pregnant during the first year

31. 100% WAY TO AVOID GETTING ONE OF THOSE!!
ABSTINENCE
100% WAY TO AVOID GETTING ONE OF THOSE!!

32. HIV and AIDS
AIDS – Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome – a disease in which the immunes system of the patient is weakened
1982 – 1600 cases were reported…700 deaths resulted
2000 – AIDS was the 5th leading cause of death among adults from years
HIV – Human Immunodeficiency Virus – a virus that attacks the immune system
Causes AIDS

33. Teens at Risk
Teen have one of the fastest growing rates of HIV

34. HIV and the Human Body
As the number of viruses increase…the number of T cells decrease…the immune system is weakened
Opportunistic infections – infections that occur in individuals who do not have healthy immune systems
HIV is progressive
It destroys the cells of the immune system over many months or years
AIDS is the advanced stage of HIV

35. Transmission of HIV NOT transmitted by
Toilet seats
Telephones
Food
Being in the same area
Casual physical contact – shaking hands and hugging
Insect bites
Sweat
Sneezing
HIV lives inside cells and body fluids
Transmitted though…
Blood
Semen
Vaginal secretions
Breast milk

36. Transmission of HIV Sexual intercourse
Secretions containing HIV can enter a partner’s blood
Increases with number of sexual partners
Increases by having another STD that causes sores
Chlamydia, herpes, gonorrhea, syphilis
Sharing needles through IV drug use or
Un-sanitized tattooing or piercing needles
Mother to baby
Through the umbilical cord
During delivery
While nursing

37. Staying safe Knowledge is the best defense!
Abstinence from sexual activity or using drugs
Avoid pressure situations
Practice refusal skills
Choose relationships carefully

38. HIV TESTING
ELISA TEST- more general, less specific, and less expensive. A person must have 2 positive ELISA TEST to take the Confirmation Test that is more expensive.
Western Blot Test- this is the Confirmation Test a person is given when they have 2 positive ELISA TEST. This test is more expensive and more specific.