1. Warm Up
Name some STDs that we have talked about and what some of their side effects are.

2. STDs and HIV
Lesson 37

3. Objectives
Analyze the importance and benefits of abstinence as it relates to the prevention of STDs and pregnancy
Discuss abstinence from sexual activity as the only method that is 100% effective in preventing STDs
Develop and analyze strategies related to the prevention of communicable disease such as STDs
Identify symptoms and treatments for some common STDs
Identify community health services for getting help with prevention and treatment of STDs
Explain how HIV affects and destroys the immune system
Identify behaviors known to transmit HIV
Analyze the relationship between unsafe behaviors, refusal skills and the risk of HIV

4. HPV Human papillomavirus Most common STD in the United States
Virus that can cause genital warts or asymptomatic infections
Most common STD in the United States
30 different types can infect the genital area
No treatment
Almost all cases of cervical cancer are caused by certain types of HPV
HPV can cause cancers of the penis and anus as well

5. Genital Warts
Pink or reddish warts with cauliflower-like tops that appear on the genitals, vagina or cervix
Appear 1-3 months after becoming infected with HPV
Highly contagious
Spread by any form of sexual contact with an infected person
Once infected, a person carries the virus for the rest of his/her life
Infants born to an infected female may develop warts in their throats, obstructing breathing and becoming fatal

6. Chlamydia Bacterial infection that affects the reproductive organs
40% of cases in teens 15-19
Asymptomatic in 75% of females and 50% of males
Treated with antibiotics
If not treated can lead to
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Chronic pelvic pain
Infertility
Can cause premature birth
Infants born to infected mothers may develop eye disease or pneumonia

7. Genital Herpes STD caused by the herpes simplex virus
Type 1 causes cold sores
Type 2 causes genital sores
Blister-like sores appear in the genital area periodically
Individual may be asymptomatic for a period of time, unaware that he/she is infected
No cure—once infected you are infected for life
Potentially fatal for infancts

8. Gonorrhea Bacterial STD that usually affects mucous membranes
Symptoms in males
Discharge from the penis
Painful urination
Diagnosis is males made by staining and examining the discharge under a microscope
50% of females are asymptomatic
Diagnosis in females made by swabbing the cervix and growing the organisms in a laboratory
Treated with antibiotics
Can lead to infertility
May spread to the bloodstream, causing permanent damage to joints
Infants born to infected mothers may contract eye infections that cause blindness

9. Trichomoniasis
STD caused by microscopi protozoan that results in infections of the vagina, urethra and bladder
Females may be asymptomatic, but vaginitis may result
Inflammation of the vagina characterized by discharge, odor, irritation and itching
Diagnosed by microscopic analysis of discharge
Males usually show no symptoms, but if they do occur itching, burning when urinating and discharge are common

10. Syphilis
STD that attack many parts of the body and is cause by a small bacterium called a spirochete
First sign is a painless, reddish sore
Disease can damage internal organs, including heart, liver, nervous system and kidneys
If untreated, the person is at risk of paralysis, convulsions, blindness and heart disease
Infant born to an infected mother can have a damaged nervous system and could potentially die from the effects

11. HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Virus that attacks the immune system
Results in AIDS (Advanced stage of HIV infection)
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
Disease in which the immune system of the patient is weakened
How it works
HIV invades certain cells of the immune system, causing them to produce copies of themselves. As the virus takes over more cells and reproduces it grows while the number of while blood cells decreases. This makes the immune system less capable of preventing infections and cancer
Body becomes susceptible to common infections and opportunistic infections
Infections that occur in individuals who do not have healthy immunes systems
Difficult to treat
Progressive disease
Destroys cells of immune system over months or years
No cure
Certain drugs can help to slow down the progression, however new strains are emerging that are resistant to these drugs

12. How HIV is Transmitted
Through blood, semen, vaginal secretions and breast milk
Sexual Intercourse
During any type of sexual intercourse
Sharing Needles
Mother to baby
Passed through the umbilical cord or during delivery
Passed through nursing
Can’t be transmitted through food, doesn’t survive well in the air or on surfaces such as toilet seats or telephones

13. Stages of Infection
½ of all person develop symptoms 3-6 weeks after becoming infected. Symptoms may include fever, rash, headache, body aches and swollen glands. Symptoms usually disappear within a week to a month and are often mistaken for another viral infection
Asymptomatic stage
Period of time during which a person infected with HIV has no symptoms
6 months to 10 years or more
Virus continues to grow and person can transmit it to others
Symptomatic stage
Stage in which a person has symptoms as a result of a sever drop in immune cells
Swollen glands, weight loss, yeast infections
AIDS
Severely damaged immune system
Appearance of one or more opportunistic infections or illnesses
Attack of brain cells, causing difficulty in thinking and remembering

14. Detecting HIV EIA Western Blot Test
Test that screen for the presence of HIV antibodies
May give inaccurate results for 2 reasons
Developing antibodies takes time
Certain health condition can cause a false positive
Western Blot Test
Most common confirmation test for HIV
100% accurate

15. In Conclusion,
AIDS is deadly and incurable. The only 100% effective measure in prevention is abstinence—abstinence from sexual intercourse and high risk behaviors
Don’t put your life in the hands of another…sometimes that trust can be your downfall
If AIDS doesn’t scare you, think about all the other STDs we have mentioned. They will not only affect you, but your future partners and children. Is it worth it?
Read time health pg 668…if time permits research one of the STDs mentioned (in groups) answer the following topics: Treatment, Effectiveness, Side Effects of Treatment, Long term results of the STD with and without treatment