1. Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Chp 16

2. Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs): A Worldwide Problem
Bacterial: gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia [condoms provide some protection]
Viral: HIV, hepatitis B, genital herpes, genital warts [HPV] [condoms provide some protection]
Other: yeasts (Candida), protozoan (Trichomonas), arthropod (pubic lice)

3. Bacterial: Gonorrhea Easily transmitted [less common today]
50% woman; 20 % men - single exposure infection
Body fluid transmission;genital contact w hands, mouth or hands to eyes
Passed to fetus--lead to blindness
Early Symptoms:
MALES - Painful urination & , abnormal discharge;
FEMALES - burning sensation during urination, abnormal vaginal discharge
20% men & 80% women asymptomatic!!
Untreated -- causes scarring & infertility
Treat w/antibiotics [however resistant strains exist]

4. Bacterial: Syphilis Most dangerous STD if left untreated
Develops in 3 phases:
PHASE 1 - (1-8 weeks post infection)
Symptoms: Hard dry sore filled w/bacteria @ infection site
PHASE 2 - (several years)
Invades: lymph, blood vessels, mucous membranes, bones, NS
Symptoms: rash, hair loss, gray patches on mucous membranes
PHASE 3 - damage to cardiovascular system, NS, blindness, death
Fetus of infected woman - blind, malformed, death
Treat w/ penicillin

5. Bacterial: Chlamydia Symptoms: Often asymptomatic!!!
Common STD [especially among college students]
Women diagnosed more than men [left undetected in men]
Symptoms: Often asymptomatic!!!
MALES - burning sensation during urination & abnormal discharge from penis, swollen lymph nodes
FEMALES - burning & itching sensation, vaginal discharge, swollen lymph nodes
Untreated: pelvic inflammatory disease, complicated pregnancy, sterility
Fetal infection: eye & lung complications, pneumonia following birth
Treat w/ antibiotics

6. Viral: HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus
Slowly destroys immune system causing AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome)
Incurable and MOST deadly STD
Early Symptoms: fatigue, fever, chills, night sweats, swollen lymph nodes, diarrhea, weight loss
Increased susceptibility to disease
Asymptomatic stage may last years!
Death caused by failure of immune response

7. Viral: hepatitis Hepatitis A - food & water bourn [vaccine avail]
Multiple strains [eg. Type A, B, C]
Hepatitis A - food & water bourn [vaccine avail]
Brief illness
Hepatitis B - blood or body fluids [STD, dirty needles]
Jaundice, nausea, fatigue, abdominal pain, arthritis
Complete liver failure
More contagious than HIV!!!!!!!
Vaccine available!!!
Hepatitis C - blood bourn, may be STD
May remain dormant for years
Chronic cases - chronic hepatitis, liver cancer

8. Viral: genital herpes
Caused by Herpes symplex virus 2
Over 15% population infected
Symptoms: Genital blisters, painful urination, swollen lymph nodes of groin, fever
Incurable [virus shed when blistering]
Anti-viral medications suppress active stage
May cause blindness in infants if left untreated

9. Viral: genital warts ARE ON THE RISE
Most common STD - Approximately 20 million people currently infected with HPV. 50%, or more, of sexually active men & women acquire genital HPV
Projected that 80% American women infected by age 50
Caused by Human papilloma virus (HPV)
Symptoms: Warts on penis, labia, vagina, cervix, or anus
Treated by: laser surgery, freezing, drugs: reoccurrence common NO REAL CURE!!!
Increased risk of cancer [especially cervical cancer]
Condoms provide Limited Protection !!!

10. Yeasts (Candida)
Yeast always present in mouth, colon, vagina
Symptoms: Swelling, thick cheesy discharge & painful urination
May lead to bladder infections
Treated with antifungals

11. Trichomoniasis [Protozoan]
causes vaginal infections
Treatable w/ drugs
Symptoms:
Women - frothy, foul-smelling vaginal discharge
Men - inflamation of penis & abnormal discharge

12. Pubic Lice [arthropods]
“Crabs”
Sexually transmitted OR via dirty linen
Adult lice lay base hairs
Feed by sucking blood
Symptoms: itching & skin irritation
Antilice treatments