1. Jefferson Changes Everything
A New Ideology for the United States
Jefferson Changes Everything

2. Election of 1801 Adams vs. Jefferson – Nasty and hard fought
Jefferson ties with VP running mate Aaron Burr a shady character from NY.
Article II Section 3 sends election to “House”. After 35 ballots Jefferson wins w/Burr as VP.
Alexander Hamilton hates Burr and makes sure
Jefferson beats him.

3. Hamilton and Burr
Hamilton used influence with Federalists to help Jefferson beat Burr Better a Republican than the likes of Burr as president of the US.
Used newspapers to expose Burr’s shady reputation Burr – insulted - demands public apology – tries for years.
Hamilton refuses, a deal needed whereby Burr can save face & Hamilton doesn’t contradict beliefs.
Cannot agree on a deal…Burr challenges Hamilton to a duel.
Hamilton must accept, but takes it lightly.

4. Hamilton and Burr
July 11, 1804
Alexander Hamilton & Aaron Burr duel - illegally -in Weehawken, New Jersey.
Hamilton is killed.

5. Judicary Act of 1801
Adams’ last legislative act increases number of Federal judges. (New Presidents took office in March)
Wants to make sure Federalist policy continues in Courts.
Appoints 16 “Midnight Judges” on last day of office, but all letters of appointment not delivered.
Jefferson tells Madison, his Secretary of State – forget it!
William Marbury challenges Madison in Supreme Court to demand he be installed as a Federal Judge.

6. Marbury vs. Madison Decison
Among the important Supreme Court Decisions
Establishes concept of Judicial Review
Chief Justice John Marshall, a Federalist, ruled the original Judiciary Act of 1789, unconstitutional...
…no part of Constitution that orders Supreme Court to force a President to appoint a particular judge.

7. Marbury vs. Madison Decison
Chief Justice Marshall’s BIG PROBLEM was…
Order Jefferson to appoint - Jefferson Ignores him
- Supreme Court’s authority gets weakened
Deny Marbury’s claim to the judge’s bench and
- Court appears afraid of the new president
Blames the Constitution – No Authority in Case

8. Federalists’ Power declines
In all aspects of Government the new ideology won
Government now less involved w/business and industry.
- Businessmen less influential
- More Republicans in government
Common people supported Jefferson.
National expansion favored Republicans
Farmers moved to new territories.
Courts became more balanced with Republican judges.

9. Jefferson’s Ideology Governments that “…govern least govern best.”
Jefferson Cuts government expense
- Stops expansion of navy
- Eliminates taxes – ending importance of banks
- Drops tariffs - favors free trade
Answered White House door, in his pajamas!

10. Louisiana Purchase 1803 – Spain returns Louisiana territory to France
Jefferson fears French influence in middle of America
- May force an alliance with hated British
- No more access to Mississippi for farmers
- Expansion plans for America endangered
Offers to buy west Fl & New Orleans…meantime
Napoleon loses Haiti & needs money for war vs. English
Sells whole territory for $15 Million

12. Louisiana Purchase
Doubles size of the US – Jefferson questions constitutionality!
Explored for 2 years by Meriwether Lewis (Jefferson’s personal secretary) & William Clark, army officer respected by Lewis.
Undaunted Courage, by Stephen Ambrose documents journey
Scientific exploration as much as it was a survey.
Jefferson sought publication of journal by Lewis repeatedly
Lewis commits suicide at an inn, on the way to Washington

13. Jefferson Re-elected
Louisiana Purchase helps Jefferson’s popularity – wins another 4 years.
British-French War causes more problems – more impressment
of US ships by both nations
Chesapeake Incident – British fire on US ship & kill Americans
Jefferson sponsors the Embargo Act of 1807 to punish Europe.
Bad idea – ruined US farm exports & hurt economy
War Hawks – John C. Calhoun & Henry Clay demand a declaration of war on England

14. 1808 - Madison Wins Presidency
Rides on ‘coattails’ of Jefferson
Federalists effectively dead as a party
Asks Congress to declare War of 1812 on England.
Fought largely on the Great Lakes - Commodore Perry
2 other battles:
- Washington & White House burned by British – US lost
- New Orleans – Andrew Jackson leads US victory
(Happens after the war is over!)
Treaty of Ghent ends the war

15. Causes & Results of War of 1812
Impressment of US shipping by British
Arming of Native Americans by British Canadians
Pressure on Government by congressional War Hawks
Results
Gradual re-opening of Commercial trade with England
Limits number of warships on Great Lakes
Sets up US-Canadian Border at 49th Parallel to Rockies
Confirmed US independence – Strengthens nationalism