2.  Dutch East India Company  “Boers” – Dutch Farmers  Afrikaans – new language (Boers)  Dutch Reformed Church  Justified slavery  White supremacy

4.  British  Anti-slavery  Limit land owners  African rights  Boers  Slavery  Take all land  No African rights

5.  1948 – Afrikaans National Party defeats British  Apartheid laws:  Separation of races  Segregated schools, hospitals, neighborhoods (Townships), and marriages  Only whites could vote  P.W. Botha – President of South Africa (1978- 1989)  Fully supported apartheid and pushed to suppress anti- apartheid resistance

6.  1912 – Protest Apartheid  Leader – Nelson Mandela  1989 – F.W. De Klerk elected new president of South Africa  Legalizes ANC  Releases Mandela  1994 – New election – Mandela elected president

7.  Boycotts and protests led to violent clashes with authorities  Sharpeville Massacre (1960) – 69 people killed by police  Government declared state of emergency – arrested 18,000 ANC and PAC members

8.  Non-violent -peacefully resistant, as in response to or protest against injustice, especially on moral or philosophical grounds

9.  Put yourself in the Black South Africans position. In three separate paragraphs, respond to the following questions  How would you fight against an oppressive authority? Explain.  When is it justifiable (right) for a group of people to pursue violent action? Explain.  How should people who commit atrocities be treated? What should be done and why?