1. Apartheid in South Africa

2. What is apartheid? Apartheid means-separate or apart. Apartheid means-separate or apart. Apartheid was a system of segregation in South Africa from the 1940’s into the 1990’s. Apartheid was a system of segregation in South Africa from the 1940’s into the 1990’s.

3. Where is South Africa?

4. Origins of Apartheid 1908: A constitutional convention is held to establish South African independence from Britain. The all-white government decides that non-whites can vote but cannot hold office. A few people in the new government object, believing that South Africa would be more stable if Africans were treated better. 1908: A constitutional convention is held to establish South African independence from Britain. The all-white government decides that non-whites can vote but cannot hold office. A few people in the new government object, believing that South Africa would be more stable if Africans were treated better. 1912: The African National Congress is formed. This political party aims to organize Africans in the struggle for civil rights. 1912: The African National Congress is formed. This political party aims to organize Africans in the struggle for civil rights. 1913: The Native Lands Act gives 7.3% of the country's land to Africans, who make up 80% of the population. Africans are prohibited from owning land outside their region. Africans are allowed to be on white land only if they are working for whites. 1913: The Native Lands Act gives 7.3% of the country's land to Africans, who make up 80% of the population. Africans are prohibited from owning land outside their region. Africans are allowed to be on white land only if they are working for whites.

5. Origins of Apartheid By 1939, fewer than 30% of Africans are receiving any formal education, and whites are earning over five times as much as Africans. By 1939, fewer than 30% of Africans are receiving any formal education, and whites are earning over five times as much as Africans. National Party is elected in 1948 and apartheid goes into effect. National Party is elected in 1948 and apartheid goes into effect. 1950: The Population Registration Act. This law classifies people into three racial groups: white, colored (mixed race or Asian), and native (African/black). Marriages between races are outlawed in order to maintain racial purity. 1950: The Population Registration Act. This law classifies people into three racial groups: white, colored (mixed race or Asian), and native (African/black). Marriages between races are outlawed in order to maintain racial purity. 1953: The Preservation of Separate Amenities Act establishes "separate but not necessarily equal" parks, beaches, post offices, and other public places for whites and non-whites. At right are signs for segregated toilets in English and Afrikaans. 1953: The Preservation of Separate Amenities Act establishes "separate but not necessarily equal" parks, beaches, post offices, and other public places for whites and non-whites. At right are signs for segregated toilets in English and Afrikaans.

6. Apartheid Cont.

7. Africans had to carry passbooks to determine their racial backgrounds and were separated by skin color. Between 1948-1973, over ten million Africans were arrested because their passes were "not in order." Burning pass books becomes a common form of protest. Africans had to carry passbooks to determine their racial backgrounds and were separated by skin color. Between 1948-1973, over ten million Africans were arrested because their passes were "not in order." Burning pass books becomes a common form of protest. 1963: Nelson Mandela, head of the African National Congress, is jailed. 1963: Nelson Mandela, head of the African National Congress, is jailed. 1976: The Soweto uprising: People in Soweto riot and demonstrate against discrimination and instruction in Afrikaans, the language of whites descended from the Dutch. The police react with gunfire. 575 people are killed and thousands are injured and arrested. Protesters against apartheid link arms in a show of resistance. 1976: The Soweto uprising: People in Soweto riot and demonstrate against discrimination and instruction in Afrikaans, the language of whites descended from the Dutch. The police react with gunfire. 575 people are killed and thousands are injured and arrested. Protesters against apartheid link arms in a show of resistance.

8. Apartheid Cont. Marriages between whites and blacks were prohibited. Marriages between whites and blacks were prohibited. People were forced to live in separate neighborhoods. People were forced to live in separate neighborhoods. Poor educational system for blacks. Purposely set at low standards. Poor educational system for blacks. Purposely set at low standards. Subjects were: dishwashing, and weeding of flower beds. Subjects were: dishwashing, and weeding of flower beds.

9. Apartheid Cont. 1991: South Africa President F.W. de Klerk repeals the rest of the apartheid laws and calls for the drafting of a new constitution. 1991: South Africa President F.W. de Klerk repeals the rest of the apartheid laws and calls for the drafting of a new constitution. 1994: Elections are held. The United Nations sends 2,120 international observers to ensure the fairness of the elections. The African National Congress, representing South Africa's majority black population. Nelson Mandela, the African resistance leader who had been jailed for 27 years, is elected President. 1994: Elections are held. The United Nations sends 2,120 international observers to ensure the fairness of the elections. The African National Congress, representing South Africa's majority black population. Nelson Mandela, the African resistance leader who had been jailed for 27 years, is elected President.

10. Images of Apartheid