3. In 1948- Afrikaners political party - (Dutch) National Party won the elections & established Apartheid!  Pass laws making it legal to discriminate against blacks.  Separates Africans into four groups: Blacks, whites, coloreds (mixed and Asians)  Must carry a pass book- and show passbook when entering a non- black areas

4. Whites Only

5. Non- White Train Station

6. Black Africans & Lack of Freedoms  Blacks had practically no rights; could not vote; denied citizenships  It was illegal for black Africans to protest or meet/ organize  Africans were forbidden to go to white beaches, white restaurants, ride on white busses.  The National Party pushed for Afrikaans language (Dutch) in all schools instead of traditional African languages.  Best land had been taken by the Dutch & other White settlers early in S. African history.  Blacks were now forces into homelands; on the worst land in the country.

11. Nelson Mandela

14. Leading anti- apartheid party, now majority party in South African government.

16. World Awareness …sanctions & boycotts!

17. Nelson Mandela & President de Klerk In 1990 President Frederik Willem de Klerk began negotiations to end apartheid, culminating in multi-racial democratic elections in 1994, which were won by the African National Congress under Nelson Mandela.

20. Vocabulary Terms  Afrikaners- Afrikaans speaking decedents of the early Dutch settlers who arrived in South Africa beginning in 1652.  Afrikaans- The language of the minority white population of South Africa and one of the two official languages during the Nationalist Party Unity.  Boers- Afrikaans word meaning farmers, these were the first white settlers from Holland who arrived in South Africa in 1652.  Bantu- identifies a particular group of people coming from Central and South Africa. The Nationalist government used this term in a derogatory way to identify Black Africans.

21. Extra Credit?