1. DIVIDED BY WAR 1861-1865

2. 1. George Washington - Term of Office (1789-1797) 2. John Adams (1797-1801) 3. Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809) 4. James Madison (1809-1817) 5. James Monroe (1817-1825) 6. John Quincy Adams (1825-1829) 7. Andrew Jackson (1829-1837) 8. Martin Van Buren (1837-1841) 9. William H. Harrison (1841) 10. John Tyler (1841-1845) 11. James K. Polk (1845-1849) 12. Zachary Taylor (1849-1850) 13. Millard Fillmore (1850-1853) 14. Franklin Pierce (1853-1857) 15. James Buchanan (1857-1861) 16. Abraham Lincoln (1861-1865)

3. THE SECESSION CRISIS Lincoln’s election leads So. Carolina to secede Lincoln’s election leads So. Carolina to secede Dec. 20 th 1860 Dec. 20 th 1860 Question: Would other states follow? Question: Would other states follow?

5. THE CRITTENDEN COMPROMISE DEC. 1860 John Crittenden proposes a compromise John Crittenden proposes a compromise A series of constitutional amendment A series of constitutional amendment Hopes to convince South not to leave. Hopes to convince South not to leave.

6. THE TERMS OF THE COMPROMISE Restore the Missouri Compromise Line 36,30 Restore the Missouri Compromise Line 36,30 Unamendable amendment to guarantee slavery where it exists. Unamendable amendment to guarantee slavery where it exists. A special committee formed to work out the deal. A special committee formed to work out the deal.

7. REPUBLICAN & LINCOLN REJECT THE COMPROMISE. It would violate the Republican Platforms. It would violate the Republican Platforms. Compromise is defeated in committee. Compromise is defeated in committee. Last hope of avoiding war is gone. Last hope of avoiding war is gone.

8. SIX MORE STATES SECEDE Before Lincoln is Inaugurated. Before Lincoln is Inaugurated. Feb. 18 th, 1861 the confederate States of America Feb. 18 th, 1861 the confederate States of America Jefferson Davis elected president Jefferson Davis elected president

9. LINCOLN IS INAUGURATED MARCH 1861 Inaugural Address tries to reassure the South. Inaugural Address tries to reassure the South. “I have no power or desire to end slavery where it exists” “I have no power or desire to end slavery where it exists” If you want war you will have to start it. If you want war you will have to start it.

10. PRESIDENT BUCHANAN DOES NOTHING. He was a “Lame Duck” waiting to leave office He was a “Lame Duck” waiting to leave office

11. FORT SUMTER CHARLESTON, SO CAROLINA Major Anderson in command of the Fort Major Anderson in command of the Fort Lincoln tries to send supplies. Lincoln tries to send supplies. 4:30 am April 12, 1861 Gen. Beauregard opens fire. 4:30 am April 12, 1861 Gen. Beauregard opens fire. No one killed. No one killed.

12. LINCOLN CALLS FOR 75,000 VOLUNTEERS. Virginia, Ark., Tenn., N. Carolina join the Confederacy Virginia, Ark., Tenn., N. Carolina join the Confederacy The border states are critical. Maryland and Kentucky. The border states are critical. Maryland and Kentucky.

13. MORE… Lincoln: “I hope God is on our side, but I must have Kentucky.” Lincoln: “I hope God is on our side, but I must have Kentucky.” Lincoln moves to hold Maryland. Suspends Habeas Corpus Lincoln moves to hold Maryland. Suspends Habeas Corpus Kentucky remains loyal. Kentucky remains loyal.

14. THE SOUTHERN POSITION Confident Confident Fighting for independence, not slavery. Fighting for independence, not slavery. Only had to defend to win Only had to defend to win Yankees had no character would quit. Yankees had no character would quit.

15. THE NORTHERN POSITION Confident of Victory Confident of Victory North was stronger than South North was stronger than South Fighting to preserve the Union Fighting to preserve the Union Secession was treason! Secession was treason!

17. THE MILITARY BALANCE SHEET. Southern military tradition Southern military tradition Southerners highly motivated Southerners highly motivated Had best officers at start of the war Had best officers at start of the war Fighting on home ground. Fighting on home ground.

18. THE NORTH Larger population Larger population 4 times as many soldiers 4 times as many soldiers More factories More factories Most railroads in the North Most railroads in the North A navy blockade in the South A navy blockade in the South

19. CIVIL LEADERS PRES. LINCOLN Lincoln had no military experience Lincoln had no military experience Not respected by many Not respected by many Clever and wise politician Clever and wise politician

20. JEFFERSON DAVIS Political experience Political experience West point grad, veteran of Mexican War West point grad, veteran of Mexican War Sec of War Sec of War Not a skilled politician. Not a skilled politician. 38 vetoes, all but one overridden. 38 vetoes, all but one overridden.

21. MOBILIZING FOR WAR. Both sides rely on volunteers Both sides rely on volunteers Union pays bounties Union pays bounties “Bounty jumping” “Bounty jumping” 1863 Congress passes a draft 1863 Congress passes a draft Men 20 to 45 Men 20 to 45

22. MORE… Draft was unfair Draft was unfair $300 could buy exemption $300 could buy exemption You could hire a substitute You could hire a substitute South passes draft in 1862 South passes draft in 1862 18 to 45 years old. 18 to 45 years old. Large slave owners exempt Large slave owners exempt African Americans Fighting African Americans Fighting

23. PAYING FOR THE WAR South sold bonds (40% of costs) South sold bonds (40% of costs) Rest paid by printing money Rest paid by printing money Caused runaway inflation Caused runaway inflation North passed income tax North passed income tax Taxed manufacturers and sold bonds. Taxed manufacturers and sold bonds.

24. MORE… By 1862 War cost $1.75 million per day By 1862 War cost $1.75 million per day North passes the Legal Tender Act: Issues paper money called “greenbacks” North passes the Legal Tender Act: Issues paper money called “greenbacks” National Banking Act 1863 – Banks must buy federal bonds. National Banking Act 1863 – Banks must buy federal bonds.

25. MOVING WEST AND DEATH OF COTTON KING Homestead Act 1862 Homestead Act 1862 Gold and mining (62’) Gold and mining (62’) Morrill Land Grant Act (62’) Morrill Land Grant Act (62’) Pacific Railway Act (63’) Pacific Railway Act (63’) Blockade Blockade

26. BENDING THE CONSTITUTION Blockade Blockade Increasing Army and Navy Increasing Army and Navy Extended enlistment Extended enlistment Security Money Security Money Habeas Corpus Habeas Corpus “Supervised” voting “Supervised” voting

27. BRITAIN Trent Affair Trent Affair Unofficial naval base for Confederacy Unofficial naval base for Confederacy Laird Rams Laird Rams

28. FRANCE Napoleon III Napoleon III Conquer Mexico Conquer Mexico