1. Civil War

2. Causes of the Civil War
Federalism/Strong Union (North) versus individual states rights and limited central government (South).
Issue of Slavery – Compromises weren’t working
Missouri Compromise: Maine free state/Missouri slave state. Territories wanted statehood. BALANCE!
Moral Issue vs. Property/Ownership Issue

3. Causes - Continued Southern States begin to succeed from the Union.
February, 1860: Declare themselves a new nation: the Confederate States of America
Drafted a constitution similar to the US constitution except that states were independent and guaranteed the existence of slavery.
Jefferson Davis elected Confederate President.
South Carolina first state to succeed from the Union.

4. War Begins
US Fort Sumter in South Carolina – Davis didn’t want Federal soldiers in the south. Confederacy takes control of the Fort and first shots fired starting the Civil War on April 12, 1861.
Turning Point: Page 306
In 1861, the western regions of Virginia split with the eastern portion politically, and the two were never reconciled as a single state again. In 1863, the western region was admitted to the Union as a new separate state.

5. NORTH – UNION (GREY) Civil War: 1861-1865
Believed in preservation of the Union - a strong central government and ending slavery.
Generals
President
Abe Lincoln
George B. McClellan
Strong Navy –
Warships & Shipyards
Higher population to draw troops from.
90% of nation’s factories were in the north.
More railroad tracks to distribute food and supplies.
Financing the War:
Controlled national treasury.
Large reserves of cash
Legal Tender Act of 1862: National currency & issue paper money (Greenbacks)
War Strategy
Anaconda Plan: Union blockade Confederate ports and send gunboats down the Mississippi to divide the conspiracy and deplete their resources. (Like an anaconda snake that slowly strangles its prey to death.)
Ulysses S. Grant
George Meade
Key People
Advantages

6. SOUTH – CONFEDERATE (BLUE) Key People Advantages Civil War: 1861-1865
Believed in states’ rights and a limited central government’s power. Wanted slavery to continue.
Generals
President
Jefferson Davis
Robert E. Lee
Strong military tradition and training.
7 of the 8 military colleges were in the south.
Weaknesses
Weak central government – hard to conduct war.
Financing the War:
Inability to raise money through taxes (refused to pay).
Printed worthless money led to 9,000% inflation.
War Strategy
A defensive war of attrition and force the North to use up their resources and get tired of the war. Pick battles carefully and avoid large battles to avoid huge losses.
Stonewall Jackson
Less people, industry, railroads and resources.
Advantages

7. Seceding States,

8. Civil War Technology New bullets/better accuracy
Telegraph/better & faster communication
Balloons/better way to spy on the other side
Ironclads/armor-plated steamships-more solid
Trench warfare developed

9. Civil War Key People

10. President Abraham Lincoln
16th President
Elected President 1860
President during Civil War
Leader of the Union.
Emancipation Proclamation
Gettysburg Address/2-Minute speech given on November 19, 1863
Assassinated on April 14, 1865

11. Robert E. Lee
One of the most respected senior officers in the United States Army.
Decided to stay loyal to his home state of Virginia - which had seceded from the Union.
Commander of the Confederate Army

13. Civil War Key Terms/Words

14. Key Words/Terms
Greenbacks: This is what the Legal Tender Act’s national currency and government issued money was nicknamed.
Copperheads: Nickname for the Peace Democrats. Opposed the war and called for reuniting the states through negotiation. Seen as traitors by the Republicans.

15. Key Words/Terms Conscription: Forcing people into military service.
Writs of Habeas Corpus: The suspension of a person’s right not be imprisoned unless charged with a crime and given a trial.
Attrition: The wearing down of one side by the other side through exhaustion of soldiers and resources.

16. Key Words/Terms

17. Key Words/Terms