1. The Conflict Takes Shape

2. Abraham Lincoln Jefferson Davis 24 11 strong FEDERAL govt.
1) preserve the Union
2) (later) to abolish slavery
1) gain independence
2) maintain slavery/lifestyle
strong FEDERAL govt.
strong STATE govts.
23 M
9 M
(1/3 slaves)

3. 1) industrial
2) can provide war supplies
1) agricultural (cash crops)
2) must trade for war supplies
1) volunteer army (large pop.)
2) inexperienced
1) volunteer army (small pop.)
2) (many) military backgrounds
1) some experienced in Mexican War
2) few aggressive/effective generals
1) many experienced in Mexican War
2) aggressive/effective leaders

4. Northerners believed that they had to fight to save the Union.
Southerners
Southerners believed that they had the right to leave the Union. They called the conflict the War for Southern Independence.
Southerners wanted to keep their traditional way of life—including slavery.
Northerners
Northerners believed that they had to fight to save the Union.
Some northerners wanted to abolish slavery. Others approved of slavery.
Border States
Slave states that were still in the Union in 1861 had to decide what to do. Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas joined the Confederacy.
Four slave states remained with the Union. These border states were Kentucky, Missouri, Maryland, and Delaware.
Some people who lived in the border states supported the South. Pro-Confederate mobs attacked Union troops in Maryland. President Lincoln declared martial law, or rule by the army instead of the elected government.

5. slaveholding states which stayed in the Union (KY, MO, MD, DE); USA/CSA border
rule by the army [emergency measure to keep order]

6. Northern Advantages (++)
NORTH: UNION
Northern Advantages (++)
Lincoln: superior leader
larger population
military power: 5 to 1 advantage
industry: can produce war supplies
more $$: can support longer war
more railroads: RR networks link major cities
produces more food
Navy; controls shipping
Chapter 17, Section 1

7. Northern Disadvantages (--)
NORTH: UNION
Northern Disadvantages (--)
Northern soldiers had to conquer a huge area and blockade a very long coast
Instead of defending their homes, they were invading unfamiliar land
Union supply lines had to stretch out much farther than Confederate ones
many Northerners were not willing to fight to abolish slavery
Chapter 17, Section 1

9. Southern Advantages (++)
SOUTH: CONFEDERACY
Southern Advantages (++)
outstanding experienced generals
strong military tradition
strong motivation: defending homes and lives
home field advantage: know the ground
skilled with guns & horses
large amounts of cotton to trade for military supplies
possible European alliance(s)
Chapter 17, Section 1

10. Southern Disadvantages (--)
SOUTH: CONFEDERACY
Southern Disadvantages (--)
few factories to produce weapons and other supplies
few railroads to move troops and supplies; many rail lines did not connect to a railroad network
Confederate constitution favored states’ rights and limited the central government; sometimes, this made it difficult to get things done
small population compared to the North; the South did not have enough people to support a long war effort
few ships
Chapter 17, Section 1

11. The War’s Leaders Union President Abraham Lincoln:
did not have much experience in national politics
did not have much military experience
turned out to be a strong leader and fine war planner (asked subordinates for advice)
had a sense of humor
could accept criticism
Confederate President Jefferson Davis:
attended the United States Military Academy at West Point
was an officer in the Mexican War
was Secretary of War under President Franklin Pierce
was respected for his honesty and courage
micromanaged generals
Confederate Commander Robert E. Lee:
the best tactical commander on either side
Lincoln had asked him to command the Union army
was loyal to his state of Virginia
given command of the Confederate army