The New Nation What causes a society to grow? Teacher Notes

The New Nation What causes a society to grow? Teacher Notes
The Big Idea: What causes a society to grow? The New Nation Unit 5 The New Nation

United States Constitution
Lesson 1 Planning a Government Lesson 2 United States Constitution Lesson 3 The Louisiana Purchase Lesson 4 The War of 1812 Lesson 5 The Industrial Revolution Click on a Lesson. Lessons

Planning a New Government
Lesson 1 What problems did the government face after the Revolution? Vocabulary Articles of Confederation legislature Teacher Notes Visual Preview: What problems did the government face after the Revolution?

SA 29 The Articles of Confederation were the first plan of government for the U.S. A confederation is a loose alliance of states.They failed because each state was independent. The national government could NOT print their own money. collect taxes. pay soldiers or lawmakers. Teacher Notes Articles of Confederation—money changed value between states. Merchants did not know which trade laws to follow. National government could not collect taxes. Had to ask states for money to pay large debts. Could not pay lawmakers or soldiers. Ordinance of 1787 or the Northwest Ordinance—plan for land north of the Ohio River and east of the Mississippi River called the Northwest Territory Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin became states under this ordinance. Pushed Native Americans off their land, which caused more fighting between Native Americans and colonists. What was the importance of the Northwest Ordinance? It said that an area became a territory when its population reached 5,000. A territory could apply for statehood when the population reached 60,000.

MC 1 Shay’s Rebellion showed the Articles of Confederation had failed. The new government could not protect farmers from losing their lands. It also could not afford to send troops to stop the uprising. Teacher Notes Shays’s Rebellion: Massachusetts raised taxes on property to pay state debts. Hundreds of farmers were unable to pay their taxes and lost their farms and landed in jail. Shays’s Rebellion was led by Daniel Shays to close courthouses and break debtors free from jail. Government had no money to send troops, so the state governor and other wealthy lawmakers had to pay a private militia. Many people wanted a national government strong enough to protect their property. Farmers wanted a government with the power to issue paper money that had value.

What was the Three-Fifths Compromise and why was it proposed? MC 3 It was an agreement among the delegates that every five enslaved people counted as three free people. Teacher Notes Great Compromise: Representatives would serve two years and be elected directly by the people. Senators would serve six-year terms and be chosen by state legislatures. This was later changed so people could elect senators directly. Almost half of the delegates owned enslaved workers and wanted them to be counted as part of the population. Many delegates disagreed because it would give too much power to states with enslaved people. In the Electoral College, the number of electoral votes for each state had was based on the number of its congressional representatives; the electoral votes would then be cast for the candidate chosen by the people in their state. Ben Franklin was the only Founder to sign the Declaration of Independence, the Treaty of Paris, and the Constitution. Seven people refused to sign the Constitution.

2 parts of Congress House of Representatives Senate The Great Compromise Proposed by Roger Sherman FILL A legislature with a House of Representatives based on a state’s population - Large (heavily populated) states were satisfied. FILL A Senate with two senators from each state – Small (less populated) states were satisfied. FILL THE PRESIDENT CANNOT MAKE A LAW. HE CAN ONLY SUGGEST A LAW. HE HAS ALMOST NO POWER IN OUR COUNTRY. Teacher Notes At the Constitutional Convention, delegates created the plan for the U.S. government. Famous delegates included Benjamin Franklin, George Washington, and James Madison (Father of the Constitution). The legislature was the most important part of government because it could make laws. Madison’s Virginia Plan created a national legislature with two houses. One house was elected by citizens (white men with property), based on a state’s population. This meant the larger states would have more power. Members of the second house were chosen by the first house. The Capitol in Washington D.C.

James Madison and other delegates came up with the Electoral College. MC 4 In the Electoral College, the number of electoral votes for each state was based on the number of the state’s Congressional representatives. EXAMPLE: Indiana House of Representatives = 9 Indiana Senators = +2 TOTAL = California House of Representatives = 53 California Senators = +2 TOTAL = Teacher Notes At the Constitutional Convention, delegates created the plan for the U.S. government. Famous delegates included Benjamin Franklin, George Washington, and James Madison (Father of the Constitution). The legislature was the most important part of government because it could make laws. Madison’s Virginia Plan created a national legislature with two houses. One house was elected by citizens (white men with property),based on a state’s population. This meant the larger states would have more power. Members of the second house were chosen by the first house. 8

Lesson 2 Vocabulary Why is the Constitution a powerful document? federal system Supreme Court ratify bill of rights amendment Teacher Notes Visual Preview: Why is the Constitution a powerful document?

We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. Teacher Notes No branch of the government can take powers given to another branch. The executive branch has a cabinet. George Washington’s cabinet included: Alexander Hamilton—Secretary of the Treasury (formed a plan for the economy) Thomas Jefferson—Secretary of State (handled affairs with other countries) Henry Knox—Secretary of War (took charge of the country’s defense) John Jay became the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. MC 5 The duty of the government is to defend the people.

DO NOT COPY Branch Who Job LEGISLATIVE Congress makes laws for the country Decides how to spend the government’s money EXECUTIVE President Meets with leaders of other countries Leads military carries out laws JUDICIAL Supreme Court and federal courts Makes sure our laws follow the Constitution Teacher Notes No branch of the government can take powers given to another branch. The executive branch has a cabinet. George Washington’s cabinet included: Alexander Hamilton—Secretary of the Treasury (formed a plan for the economy) Thomas Jefferson—Secretary of State (handled affairs with other countries) Henry Knox—Secretary of War (took charge of the country’s defense) John Jay became the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. 11

First three articles explain how the U.S. government is organized. Article 1 – establishes a legislature called Congress made up of a Senate and a House of Representatives power to make laws All of this info on what each branch does is found in the Constitution. Article 2 – creates the office of the President leader of the executive branch power to enforce laws Teacher Notes Federal system—national and state governments both make laws and collect taxes. State government controls local matters such as police services and public education. Constitution divided into separate parts called articles. Checks and balances keep one branch from gaining too much power. Congress has a check between the two houses: can pass legislation only if both houses pass exactly the same measure. Checks between branches: President can veto a bill. Congress can override the veto with a two-thirds vote in each house. Supreme Court can declare a law unconstitutional (judicial review). No branch can take powers given to another branch. Nine of the thirteen states had to approve (ratify) the Constitution. Article 3 – establishes a Supreme Court The Supreme Court is the highest court in the United States. FILL They have the power to decide whether any law works against the Constitution.

FILL We have a federal system. A federal system is an agreement to share powers between state and national governments. SA This system is known as checks and balances. We have this system so one branch does not gain too much power, and each branch can check or stop another branch. This information is found in The Constitution. MC 6 EXAMPLES: Congress votes to approve a bill, and the President signs it. The President vetoes a bill, and Congress overrides it. - Congress and the President pass a bill that becomes a law, and the Supreme Court decides if the law is constitutional. (TEST QUESTION) Teacher Notes No branch of the government can take powers given to another branch. The executive branch has a cabinet. George Washington’s cabinet included: Alexander Hamilton—Secretary of the Treasury (formed a plan for the economy) Thomas Jefferson—Secretary of State (handled affairs with other countries) Henry Knox—Secretary of War (took charge of the country’s defense) John Jay became the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. 13

At the end of the U.S. Constitution we have a Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights consist of ten amendments written by James Madison. FILL An amendment is a change to the U.S. Constitution. MC 7 The purpose of the Bill of Rights is to protect the freedom of citizens. After the addition of the Bill of Rights, all original thirteen states ratified the Constitution. FILL To ratify means to officially approve something. Our U.S. Constitution has 17 additional amendments. Teacher Notes Bill of Rights—statement of rights guaranteed by the government. The ten amendments written by James Madison and added to the Constitution. Amendments are changes to the Constitution. The first act of Congress was to pass the Bill of Rights. After the addition of the Bill of Rights, all original thirteen states ratified the Constitution. The Constitution now has 17 other amendments. Amendments have to be approved by two-thirds of the House and Senate and then by three-fourths of the states.

For once, all Americans agreed that the new nation under the new Constitution should be lead by one man: MC 9 the Father of the Country, George Washington, the 1st president. MC 8 Alexander Hamilton wrote articles in support of the Constitution. Teacher Notes Bill of Rights—statement of rights guaranteed by the government. The ten amendments written by James Madison and added to the Constitution. Amendments are changes to the Constitution. The first act of Congress was to pass the Bill of Rights. After the addition of the Bill of Rights, all original thirteen states ratified the Constitution. The Constitution now has 17 other amendments. Amendments have to be approved by two-thirds of the House and Senate and then by three-fourths of the states. 15

The Louisiana Purchase
How did the expansion of the United States affect North America? Lesson 3 Vocabulary pioneer Embargo Act of 1807 Teacher Notes Visual Preview: How did the expansion of the United States affect North America?

SA 31 Daniel Boone and John Findley found a passage through the Appalachian Mountains and widened it so wagons could go through. Teacher Notes The United States offered to buy New Orleans from the French for $10 million. French counter offered with the entire Louisiana Territory for $15 million because they were trying to pay for a war against Great Britain. President Jefferson chose Merriwether Lewis to lead the Corps of Discovery. Lewis went with Clark to map the course of the Missouri River and find a land route to the Pacific Ocean. Jefferson also wanted information about the land, its resources, and the Native Americans who lived in the region. Journals of their discoveries filled nearly 5,000 pages. Sacagawea traveled with them as a guide and interpreter. SA 32 Pioneers are the first people to enter a region. MC 12 The Embargo Act of 1807 closed all American ports and hurt the American economy instead of Great Britain and France. 17

Teacher Notes The United States offered to buy New Orleans from the French for $10 million. French counter offered with the entire Louisiana Territory for $15 million because they were trying to pay for a war against Great Britain. President Jefferson chose Merriwether Lewis to lead the Corps of Discovery. Lewis went with Clark to map the course of the Missouri River and find a land route to the Pacific Ocean. Jefferson also wanted information about the land, its resources, and the Native Americans who lived in the region. Journals of their discoveries filled nearly 5,000 pages. Sacagawea traveled with them as a guide and interpreter. Effects of the Louisiana Purchase: It doubled the size of the U.S. for pennies an acre. Americans gained access to a major port. The land had abundant natural resources.

Lewis & Clark: Were sent by President Jefferson to GO WEST find a land route to the Pacific Ocean and see what natural resources were available. They left St. Louis and headed west. SA 33 Sacagawea traveled with them as a guide and interpreter. Teacher Notes The United States offered to buy New Orleans from the French for $10 million. French counter offered with the entire Louisiana Territory for $15 million because they were trying to pay for a war against Great Britain. President Jefferson chose Merriwether Lewis to lead the Corps of Discovery. Lewis went with Clark to map the course of the Missouri River and find a land route to the Pacific Ocean. Jefferson also wanted information about the land, its resources, and the Native Americans who lived in the region. Journals of their discoveries filled nearly 5,000 pages. Sacagawea traveled with them as a guide and interpreter. 19

The War of 1812 Vocabulary Lesson 4
How did the War of 1812 affect Americans? Lesson 4 Vocabulary War Hawks Era of Good Feelings Adams-Onís Treaty Monroe Doctrine Teacher Notes Visual Preview: How did the War of 1812 affect Americans?

The War of 1812 FILL War Hawks supported the War of 1812, and they wanted to protect American sailors from British impressment. MC 15 Tecumseh united several Western groups to protect Native American lands. Teacher Notes Despite opposition from New England, War Hawks got approval to go to war. New England merchants wanted to settle problems peacefully because they depended on trade with Great Britain. Called the war “Mr. Madison’s War” after President James Madison. The American navy won important victories early in the war. Oliver Hazard Perry won the Battle of Lake Erie, which forced the British to retreat to Canada. American troops then invaded Canada and captured supplies in York, present-day Toronto, and burned the town. Burning of Washington, D.C. In 1814 British sent thousands of well-trained soldiers to invade the U.S. and attack Washington, D.C. Punishment for invading Canada and destroying York. Soldiers walked through the White House with muddy boots and ate dinner in the president’s dining room. SA 34 The British burned Washington D.C. to punish Americans for burning York. 21

The War of 1812 MC 13 AFTER THE WAR and because of slow-traveling news, the Americans fought the British in New Orleans and CRUSHED them under the leadership of Andrew Jackson who became a national hero.* SA 35 At Fort McHenry in Francis Scott Key was inspired to write “The Star-Spangled Banner.” MC 14 In 1814 the Treaty of Ghent was signed ending the war/fighting, BUT neither side won. Teacher Notes Despite opposition from New England, War Hawks got approval to go to war. New England merchants wanted to settle problems peacefully because they depended on trade with Great Britain. Called the war “Mr. Madison’s War” after President James Madison. The American navy won important victories early in the war. Oliver Hazard Perry won the Battle of Lake Erie, which forced the British to retreat to Canada. American troops then invaded Canada and captured supplies in York, present-day Toronto, and burned the town. Burning of Washington, D.C. In 1814 British sent thousands of well-trained soldiers to invade the U.S. and attack Washington, D.C. Punishment for invading Canada and destroying York. Soldiers walked through the White House with muddy boots and ate dinner in the president’s dining room.

The War of 1812 FILL After the War of 1812, Americans felt more united. This was known as the Era of Good Feelings. FILL In the Adams-Onis Treaty Spain sold Florida to the United States. MC 16 & FILL The Monroe Doctrine said Europe and the U.S. should not interfere with each other. The U.S. hoped this would keep them out of European wars. Teacher Notes Monroe Doctrine President James Monroe wanted to prevent new European colonies in the Americas. It was a way for the U.S. to oppose colonial power.

The Industrial Revolution
Lesson 5 Vocabulary How did the Industrial Revolution change people’s lives? Industrial Revolution cotton gin interchangeable part reaper steam engine Teacher Notes Visual Preview: How did the Industrial Revolution change people’s lives?

MC 17 The Northeast was a major manufacturing region in the U.S. in the 1800s. Teacher Notes Ask: How can inventions change lives? Important inventions: Cotton gin removed seeds from cotton and made cotton the most important cash crop in the South. More cotton in the South meant more textile mills (factory where workers turned the cotton into cloth) in the North. Power loom made the process of turning cotton into cloth much faster. Lowell, Mass., was built for textile mill workers to live. Employed mostly women who worked 12-hour days, six days a week, and lived on the grounds of the mill. Interchangeable parts—Eli Whitney made pieces in the same or standard sizes so they would fit a specific product. Guns, tools, and other products could be made faster and at a lower cost. Mechanical plow and the reaper made farming easier. Steam Engine produced more power than a team of horses and could pull heavier loads. Robert Fulton designed a steam engine boat that improved transportation. Erie Canal connected Lake Erie to the Hudson River by using a series of locks to raise and lower the water level. Made New York City the country’s largest and most important port. The steam engine locomotive— “iron horses” powered by a steam engine that soon became the main form of transportation in the U.S. 25

SA 36 interchangeable parts – pieces made in standard sizes meant products could be made faster and at a lower cost MC 20 The Erie Canal is a system of locks to raise and lower the water level. After it was built, New York City became the largest port in the country. Teacher Notes Ask: How can inventions change lives? Important inventions: Cotton gin removed seeds from cotton and made cotton the most important cash crop in the South. More cotton in the South meant more textile mills (factory where workers turned the cotton into cloth) in the North. Power loom made the process of turning cotton into cloth much faster. Lowell, Mass., was built for textile mill workers to live. Employed mostly women who worked 12-hour days, six days a week, and lived on the grounds of the mill. Interchangeable parts—Eli Whitney made pieces in the same or standard sizes so they would fit a specific product. Guns, tools, and other products could be made faster and at a lower cost. Mechanical plow and the reaper made farming easier. Steam Engine produced more power than a team of horses and could pull heavier loads. Robert Fulton designed a steam engine boat that improved transportation. Erie Canal connected Lake Erie to the Hudson River by using a series of locks to raise and lower the water level. Made New York City the country’s largest and most important port. The steam engine locomotive— “iron horses” powered by a steam engine that soon became the main form of transportation in the U.S.

The Industrial Revolution was a time when new machines and new ideas changed the way people worked, traveled, and lived. The cotton gin was a machine that removed seed from cotton. MC 19This made cotton the most important cash crop in the South. $$$$$$ The “iron horse” was a steam-powered train. Railroads became the main form of transportation. Teacher Notes Ask: How can inventions change lives? Important inventions: Cotton gin removed seeds from cotton and made cotton the most important cash crop in the South. More cotton in the South meant more textile mills (factory where workers turned the cotton into cloth) in the North. Power loom made the process of turning cotton into cloth much faster. Lowell, Mass., was built for textile mill workers to live. Employed mostly women who worked 12-hour days, six days a week, and lived on the grounds of the mill. Interchangeable parts—Eli Whitney made pieces in the same or standard sizes so they would fit a specific product. Guns, tools, and other products could be made faster and at a lower cost. Mechanical plow and the reaper made farming easier. Steam Engine produced more power than a team of horses and could pull heavier loads. Robert Fulton designed a steam engine boat that improved transportation. Erie Canal connected Lake Erie to the Hudson River by using a series of locks to raise and lower the water level. Made New York City the country’s largest and most important port. The steam engine locomotive— “iron horses” powered by a steam engine that soon became the main form of transportation in the U.S. A reaper is a machine with a sharp blade to cut grain. As a result of the reaper, fewer farmers were needed and many people in farming areas moved to the cities. 27

Review What were some important inventions during the Industrial Revolution? Cotton Gin – removed seed from cotton and made cotton the most important cash crop in the South – made the process of cloth making much faster and large textile mills employed many people – pieces made in standard sizes meant products could be made faster and at a lower cost – made farming easier and fewer farmers were needed – produced more power than horses and could pull heavier loads – connected Lake Erie to the Hudson River with a series of locks to raise and lower the water level – railroads became the main form of transportation Power loom Interchangeable parts Mechanical plow and reaper Steam engine Answers Cotton Gin – removed seed from cotton and made cotton the most important cash crop in the South Power loom – made the process of cloth making much faster and large textile mills employed many people Interchangeable parts – pieces made in standard sizes meant products could be made faster and at a lower cost Mechanical plow and reaper – made farming easier and fewer farmers were needed Steam engine – produced more power than horses and could pull heavier loads Erie Canal – connected Lake Erie to the Hudson River with a series of locks to raise and lower the water level Iron Horse – railroads became the main form of transportation Erie Canal Iron Horse

Review What is manifest destiny?
Manifest destiny is the belief that the United States had a right to expand its borders and claim new lands. What was the Trail of Tears? The Trail of Tears was the 800-mile westward march of the Cherokee people to the Indian Territory; 4,000 people died along the way. Answers Manifest destiny is the belief that the United States had a right to expand its borders and claim new lands. The Trail of Tears was the 800-mile westward march of the Cherokee people to the Indian Territory; 4,000 people died along the way.

Maps Click on a map to enlarge the view.

The New Nation What causes a society to grow? Teacher Notes

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "The New Nation What causes a society to grow? Teacher Notes"— Presentation transcript:

Similar presentations

About project

Feedback

Log in

Auth with social network:

The New Nation What causes a society to grow? Teacher Notes

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "The New Nation What causes a society to grow? Teacher Notes"— Presentation transcript:

Similar presentations

About project

Feedback