1. T-44 Emergency Procedures
FP-5
T-44
Emergency Procedures
5/14/15

2. Ground Emergencies

3. Ground Emergencies Abnormal Start Emergency Engine Shutdown on Deck
Loss of Brakes
Hot Brakes
Brake Fire
Jammed Controls on Deck

4. Abnormal Start

5. Abnormal Start Execute Memory Items:
Condition lever – FUEL CUTOFF (note ITT decrease to below 790).
Starter – OFF.
Know your starter limitations
If another start is attempted, allow 60 seconds delay to drain fuel and cool starter, then motor for 15 seconds minimum.

6. Emergency Engine Shutdown on Deck
Confirm, if possible, the fire actually exists by checking instruments and nacelles.
Execute Memory Items:
Condition levers – FUEL CUTOFF.
Firewall valves – CLOSED.
Boost pumps – OFF.
Fire extinguisher – As Required.
AUX BATT Switch – OFF.
Gang Bar – OFF.
Evacuate aircraft.

7. Loss of Brakes/ Hot Brakes
Have other pilot check his/her pedals
Maintain directional control
Utilize prop reverse or beta to stop
Do not taxi; maneuver into open area
Check shuttle valve by pulling the top of the brake pedal.
Call for assistance for tow
Usually the result of excessive braking
Use reverse and minimum braking to stop
Allow the brakes to cool using prop wash
Locking the wheels may occur resulting in blown tires
Call for assistance for tow

8. Brake Fire Execute Memory Items:
Stop aircraft.
Firefighting assistance – Request.
Emergency Shutdown on Deck Checklist – Execute.
Preferable to stay behind the aircraft. If the wheels explode because of rapid cooling, fragments will fly sideways from the wheel.
Do not attempt to fight the fire!

9. Jammed Controls on Deck
Check yaw damp/auto pilot OFF
Maintain controls in the jammed condition
Call for immediate inspection

10. Takeoff Emergencies

11. Takeoff Emergencies Aborting Takeoff Engine Failure During Takeoff
Engine Failure After Takeoff
Tire Failure
Abnormal Takeoffs

12. Aborting Takeoff
The decision to abort or continue is dependent on the length of remaining runway, airspeed, gross weight, and density altitude.
Use extreme caution if takeoff surface is not hard and dry (reverse considerations).
Mechanical stops are incorporated in the throttle quadrant; downward pressure must be applied to allow for reversing power.

13. Aborting Takeoff Execute Memory Items: Announce “Abort.”
Power levers – IDLE
Reverse – As Required
Brakes – As Required
(Prior to departing the prepared surface):
Condition levers – FUEL CUTOFF
(As soon as practicable):
Firewall Valves – CLOSED
Boost pumps – OFF
Fire extinguisher(s) – As Required
AUX BATT switch – OFF
Gang Bar – OFF
Evacuate aircraft.

14. Engine Failure During Takeoff
Abort!

15. Engine Failure After Takeoff

16. Engine Failure After Takeoff
Execute Memory Items:
Power – As Required
Gear – UP
Airspeed – As Required (Vxse or Vyse)
Emergency Shutdown Checklist – Execute.
Warning: Do NOT retard the power lever until the feathering sequence is completed.
Warning: No climb can be obtained with an inoperative engine windmilling. Always ensure the failed engine prop feathers!

17. Tire Failure If occurs during takeoff, ABORT.
Control the aircraft using rudder, nosewheel steering and brakes, as necessary.

18. Abnormal Takeoffs You won’t do these. Reference NATOPS for:
Obstruction Clearance Takeoff
Soft-Field Takeoff
Short-Field Takeoff

19. Inflight Emergencies

20. In-Flight Emergencies (Part I)
Engine Failure
Emergency Shutdown Checklist
Jammed Power Lever
Airstarts
Single-Engine Crossfeed

21. Engine Failure Relax! No unusual handling characteristics.
Sufficient rudder trim to maintain level flight above 100
knots (below requires manual augment)
Warning: Waving-off with full flaps will result in a loss of 200’ before climb is established.
Execute Memory Items if experienced after takeoff.
DO NOT relight with a MOVEOFF item:
Mechanical Malfunction
0% N1 RPM
Overheat
Fire
Vibration
Fuel Fumes
Explosion

22. Emergency Shutdown Checklist
Execute Memory Items:
Power lever – IDLE
Prop lever – FEATHER
Condition lever – FUEL CUTOFF.
FTI: “Is it a FIRE or a FUEL LEAK?”
Firewall Valve – CLOSED
Fire extinguisher – As Required
Bleed air – CLOSED

23. Engine Shutdown Checklist
Continue with steps 7-8, conditions permitting.
Don’t interrupt the checklist to conduct the Landing Checklist
Fly the airplane first. Always remember:
AVIATE, NAVIGATE, COMMUNICATE

24. Jammed Power Lever
If no abnormal conditions are detected, consideration can be given to keeping the engine running. Prior to landing…
Execute Memory Items:
Condition lever (affected engine) – FUEL CUTOFF
Emergency Shutdown Checklist – Execute (PF)

25. Airstarts Either generator-assisted or battery-only (windmilling).
You will see each one in the C4300 block.
Always determine the cause of failure first!

26. Airstarts Generator-assisted: Reference NATOPS.
This is the normal procedure for relight.

27. Airstarts Windmilling: for inadvertent shutdown. Execute Memory Items:
Power lever (failed engine) – IDLE
Prop lever (failed engine) – Full Forward
Condition lever (failed engine) – FUEL CUTOFF
Firewall valve – OPEN
Autoignition – ARMED
Condition lever – LOW IDLE
Power – As Required
Complete steps 8-10.

28. Single-Engine Crossfeed
Reference NATOPS
OPEN the crossfeed valve
Turn OFF the boost pump for the non-feeding tank
Wing SOP: Fuel balancing is not authorized
Only use for emergency purposes.

29. In-Flight Emergencies (Part II)
In-Flight Fire
Smoke/Fire of Unknown Origin
Smoke & Fume Elimination
Oil System Failure
Fuel System Failure
Fuel Leaks
Fuel Siphoning
Electrical System Failure
Propeller Failure
Pilot Emergency Static Air Source

30. In-Flight Fire CONFIRM the fire exists.
Sunlight may cause illumination of the warning light.
If secondaries exist, shutdown.
If no secondaries exist, consideration should be given to shutdown.

31. In-Flight Fire
Fire, confirmed.

32. Smoke/Fire of Unknown Origin
This checklist may be exited once the source is found.
Pausing between last 5 steps may isolate electrical fire.
With the Gang Bar OFF, you will still have AUX battery items available (CRANE)
Maintain VMC if possible!
Land/ditch immediately if fire uncontrollable.
Execute Memory Items:
Crew – Alerted.
Cabin temp mode – OFF
Vent blower – AUTO
Oxygen masks/MIC switches – As Required

33. Smoke & Fume Elimination
Execute Memory Items:
Oxygen masks/MIC switches – As Required
Pressurization – DUMP
Closing bleed air valves will reduce fumes
Magnetic compass fluid is highly toxic! Execute memory items.

34. Oil System Failure Pressure below 85psi is undesirable
Tolerate for completion of flight
Reduce power, land as soon as practicable
Pressure below 40psi, temp above 99 is unsafe, execute a shutdown.
CHIP light – check for secondaries!
Either case, land as soon as possible
If none are detected, engine may be used with discretion for situations requiring power.

35. Fuel System Failure Engine driven fuel pump failure leads to flameout
Boost pump failure requires crossfeed or suction lifting
Reference NATOPS! Your range may be affected.

36. Fuel Leaks Execute Memory Items: Condition lever – FUEL CUTOFF
Emergency Shutdown Checklist – Execute
An apparent fuel leak might be fuel siphoning if it originates from the fuel cap.

37. Fuel Leaks FUEL SIPHONING: Extreme nose low attitudes
will aggravate the fuel siphoning condition (airspeed
140 knots max).
FUEL LEAK: Secure engine with memory items.

38. Electrical System Failure
Execute Memory Items:
Generator – OFF, reset momentarily, then ON.
(If generator will not reset):
Generator – OFF
Current Limiter (Battery Anmeter) – Checked
Maintain VMC whenever possible.
Know your wet compass characteristics and “Big 5” for total electrical failure (in FTI). You will see this in syllabus.

39. Propeller Failure

40. Propeller Failure
Three levels of “governing”: Primary, overspeed, and the fuel-topping governors.
Practice the FTI CRM brief.
Don’t shut down engine/prop that feathers properly unless secondary indications are noted.
Note: Landing with an overspeeding prop is strongly discouraged. The ultimate goal is to feather the prop.

41. Propeller Failure Execute Memory Items:
Attempt to adjust prop RPM; if normal limits exist, continue operation. If not, complete the following:
Power lever – IDLE
Prop lever – FEATHER
Alternate Prop Feathering Checklist – As Required.
Prop Linkage Failure results in 2200 RPM or the last RPM setting. Manipulate the other prop to match them, and land (reversing, as required).

42. Pilot Emergency Static Air Source
Reference NATOPS Chapter 25 for gauge error
Airspeed and Altitude will be approximately +5 KIAS/+50 feet in error on pilot’s side at approach speeds/altitudes (you will actually be lower and slower).

43. In-Flight Emergencies (Part III)
Electrothermal Propeller Deice
Surface Deice
Loss of Pressurization
Explosive Decompression
Emergency Descent Procedure
Cabin Door Open Light Illuminated
Flight Guidance Failure
In-flight Damage / Spin/OCF Recovery
Terrain Warning

44. Electrothermal Propeller Deice
Normal range is amps.
0 or 23 amps is unusable
Imbalance requires manipulating the prop levers to aid in ice removal.

45. Surface Deice
Stall speeds will significantly increase with the wing deice boots inflated.
If boots fail to deflate, pull the SUR DE-ICE circuit breaker.

46. Loss of Pressurization
Reference NATOPS.
Approximately 75% N1 is required to maintain pressurization during descent.
Utilizing the TEST position may restore pressurization; pull the PRESS CONTROL CB to remove electrical power and maintain pressure (CAUTION – reset prior to landing!).

47. Explosive Decompression
Execute Memory Items:
Oxygen masks/MIC switches – As Required
Descend – As Required
Do not confuse fog with smoke.
Descend below 10,000’ to remove mask or below 18,000’ with masks on (3710 cabin altitude limits).

48. Emergency Descent Procedure
Execute Memory Items:
Power levers – IDLE
Props – FULL FORWARD
Flaps – As Required
Landing gear – As Required
Airspeed – As Required
Windshield heat – As Required
Don’t exceed airframe limitations
For training, stick with just props full forward.

49. Cabin Door Open Light Illuminated
Don’t attempt to check the door
Ensure that all occupants are seated and belted
Depressurize the cabin
Land

50. Autopilot Disengagement
Automatic:
Manual:
Any interruption/failure of power
Pushing the AP/YD button (FGP)
Failure condition of FGC
Go-Around button (LH throttle)
Flight control failure
AP/YD disc. button (yoke)
A/P trim failure
Manual trim switch (yoke)
Stall condition
DISC bar is positioned down
Extreme attitude
Avionics Master OFF
In any of these cases, the horn will continue until the disc. button on the yoke is pressed.

51. Inflight Damage
Damage includes midair collision, bird strike or overstress
Check contols for freedom of movement
Conduct a controllability check:
Above 5,000’
Configure and slow in 10 knot increments
Land as soon as possible with minimum movement (straight-in approach)

52. Spin/OCF Recovery Execute Memory Items:
Power levers – IDLE
Rudder – Full deflection opposite direction turn needle
Control Wheel – Rapidly Forward
Rudder – Neutralize after rotation stops
Control Wheel – Pull out of dive with smooth, steady back pressure.
You will brief this before every event. Practice!

53. Terrain Warning Execute Memory Items:
Wings – Level
Power – Maximum Allowable
Pitch – As required for Vx
Flaps – Approach (unless already UP)
Gear – UP
Flaps – UP Props – 1,900 RPM
Continue climb at Vx until all warnings cease.
Notify ATC. You are authorized to deviate!

54. Landing Emergencies

55. Landing Emergencies Single Engine Landing
Single-Engine Waveoff/Missed Approach
Flap System Failure
Landing Gear Emergencies
Abnormal Landings
Forced Landing - No Power
Ditching
Wind Shear

56. Single Engine Landing
Full flaps should be utilized only if required (no possibility of a waveoff)
Utilize single engine reverse, as required
Feathered prop can lead to floating
Airspeed: 110 KIAS is a MINIMUM until over the threshold per the FTI.

57. Single-Engine Waveoff/Missed Approach
Execute Memory Items:
Power – Max Allowable, establish positive rate of climb
Flaps – Approach (unless already UP)
Gear – UP
Flaps – UP
Prop – 1,900 RPM
Technique: Climb at 102 KIAS until clean, then climb at 110 KIAS. You will accelerate to 120 KIAS in the pattern very easily.
Maintain 500’ upwind in the pattern.

58. Flap System Failure Know your FTI flap malfunction brief!
No provisions exist for emergency flap operation
Wing flap motor circuit breaker should be pulled
Restore to last position & verify before landing.

59. Landing Gear Emergencies
Actual gear-up landing (DEC 2013)

60. Landing Gear Emergencies
Don’t cycle the gear handle until after referencing NATOPS due to complexity of malfunction
Once you have three down & locked, obtain a visual inspection and land!
If not, run the Landing Gear Unsafe Down Indications checklist.

61. Abnormal Landings Main / Nosewheel tire flat
Consult NATOPS when applicable for:
Soft field
Short field

62. Wind Shear Execute Memory Items:
Power – Maximum Allowable
Attitude – Set and Hold Approximately 15 degrees noseup
Gear – UP Flaps – Maintain Current Setting
You will brief this before every event. Practice!

63. Forced Landing - No Power
Circular pattern (similar to ELP)
Flaps – FULL, as required
If unsure of landing surface, land gear up
Tendency to overshoot because of less drag
Reference NATOPS fig

64. Ditching You will fly these extensively in contacts!
Order of Priorities:
Wings-level
Rate of descent
Airspeed
Power settings are critical
(800 ft-lbs SSE, 400 ft-lbs dual engine)
Ditch parallel to the swells
Always gear up.

65. Emergency Procedures Review