1. GENETIC ENGINEERING The process of manipulating genes for practical purposes

2. Recombinant DNA  DNA created from 2 or more different organisms.

3. Steps in a Genetic Engineering Experiment  Cutting DNA- Restriction enzymes from bacteria are used to cut out portions of DNA Plasmids- circular DNA molecules that can replicate independently  Recombinant DNA is made using ligase to piece the segments together  Genes are cloned by the host  Cells with the new DNA are seperated from those without the new DNA

4. Confirmation of a Cloned Gene  DNA from each clone is cut with restriction enzymes and sorted using gel electrophoresis.

5. The Human Genome Project  A research project designed to identify the encoding of human DNA Completed in 2003, the Human Genome Project (HGP) was a 13-year project coordinated by the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health. During the early years of the HGP, the Wellcome Trust (U.K.) became a major partner; additional contributions came from Japan, France, Germany, China, and others.

6. Uses of Genetically Modified DNA  Drugs- sometimes disorders and illness prevent the body from making critical proteins.  Drug companies use this method of genetic engineering to make the proteins

7. Other Uses  Vaccines- solutions containing all or part of a harmless version of a pathogen.  The immune system recognizes the surface proteins and responds by defensive proteins and antibodies.

8. DNA Fingerprinting  A pattern of dark bands on photographic film that shows the pattern of fragments separated by gel electrophoresis.

9. Agricultural /Farm Uses  More Nutritious Crops  Larger meat producing animals  Hardier plants that can survive climate changes  -transgenic organisms  Dolly the sheep

10. Risks of GMO’s  You Decide-  Each table will read an article on genetic engineering. Collect information from the article, them make a poster about what you learned.  You will share these in front of the class TODAY.