1. “Theories of Deviance”

2. Strain Theory Theoretical Perspective: “Functionalism”
Who and When: Robert Merton (1968)
Strain Theory Definition: deviance is more likely to occur
when a gap exists between—
cultural goals (American Dream)
AND
the ability to achieve them

3. Strain Theory Four Components:
Innovation: person accepts cultural goals but uses illegal methods to achieve them
Ritualism: person rejects cultural goals
but uses legitimate methods

4. Strain Theory Four Components:
Retreatism: person rejects cultural goals and legitimate methods
Rebellion: person rejects cultural goals
and legitimate methods;
creates new goals & methods
Strain Theory You Tube Clip 

5. Control Theory
Theoretical Perspective: “Functionalism” Who and When: Travis Hirschi (1972) Control Theory Definition: compliance to social norms require strong bonds between individuals and society Example Children adhere to their parents requests and rules because they respect and love them
Weak Social Bonds =
Deviant Behavior

6. Control Theory Four Components of Social Bonds:
Attachment: the stronger the relationship the more likely you will conform
Involvement: the more participation in socially
approved activities the more
likely you will conform to society

7. Control Theory You Tube Clip 
Four Components of Social Bonds:
Belief: believing in societies norms and values results in conformity to society
Commitment: the more committed you are to
societies goals the more you
will conform to society
Control Theory You Tube Clip 
(play from start to 2:10)

8. Differential Association Theory
Theoretical Perspective: “Symbolic Interactionism” Who and When: Edwin Sutherland(1939) Theory Definition: we learn deviance through the number deviant acts we are exposed to in our life Example - Son grows up watching Mom get beat up by Dad - Son gets married, abuses his wife
Observing More Deviant Acts =
Increases Chance of Deviant Behavior
“I learned it from watching You” Video Clip 

9. Differential Association Theory
Three Characteristics:
The Ratio of Deviant people to Non-Deviant people observed during ones life
Occurrence of Deviant behavior by ones significant others during ones life
The age to which one was exposed to deviant behavior
Observing More Deviant Acts =
Increases Chance of Deviant Behavior
Differential Association Theory You Tube Clip 

10. Labeling Theory
Theoretical Perspective: “Symbolic Interactionism” Who and When: Howard Becker (1963) Labeling Theory Definition: Society creates deviance by identifying (through labels) people who are deviant Example

11. Labeling Theory Based on a given label a deviant gets a:
Stigma: status attached to a person by members of
society based on disapproval of their deviant act
Results:
Negative effects on the person that is labeled
Could lead to more deviant acts by person labeled
Perpetuates deviant acts
Affects:
Self-esteem
Self-image
Self-concept

12. Labeling Theory You Tube Clip 
The Components:
Primary Deviance: committing deviant acts
are limited and not a person’s norm
Example caught once drinking and driving
Secondary Deviance: committing deviant acts are
a persons way of life and a norm
Example drink and drive all the time
Labeling Theory You Tube Clip 

13. Spitzer’s Theory
Theoretical Perspective: “Conflict” Who and When: Steven Spitzer(1980) Theory Explanation: Industrialized societies protect themselves against deviants Example

14. According to Spitzer’s Theory
Deviants are:
those who criticize industrial society and challenge societal norms
those who do not work (have jobs)
those who threaten private property
those who petition and protest against authority are deviants.

15. “THE END”