1. Chapter 8 Pages 175-197

2.  Write down two or three examples of a deviant or of deviant behavior

3.  Behavior that violates significant social norms

4.  Talking to yourself in public  Drag racing on public streets  Using illegal drugs  Cross-dressing  Attacking another person

9.  Can someone be labeled as deviant simply based on their appearance?  Research shows that Americans stigmatize people who are highly obese  Why?

10.  The study indicates Americans see obese people as being impulsive and lacking will- power

11.  For obese people, the costs are not just emotional but also financial  Obese people are less likely than other Americans to get approved for credit or be promoted at work

12.  Join a group (Ideally 3-4 people) and discuss other groups that might be unjustly stigmatized  Be sure to state the reasons why these groups are seen as deviant by some people  Each group’s list should contain at least 4 perceived deviant groups in our society

13. Chapter 8 Section 1 Pgs 176-185

14.  Deviance  behavior that violates significant social norms  What is considered deviant varies by society  can get a divorce in the U.S. but illegal in Philippines  Varies within a society as well

15.  Involves two acts  Individual must first be detected committing a deviant act  Individual must be stigmatized by society

16.  Stigma  mark of social disgrace that sets the deviant apart from the rest of society  Prisoners are forced to wear special clothing

17.  1. Clarifying Norms  2. Unifying the Group  3. Diffusing Tension  4. Promoting Social Change  5. Providing Jobs

18.  Defines the boundaries of acceptable behavior  Punishment serves as a warning to others that certain behaviors will not be tolerated  Example?  prison sentences discourage crime

19.  Conformers vs. outsiders  “Us against them”

20.  When people are unhappy with their lives or social conditions, they may want to strike out at society  Allows individuals to relieve tension  Participating in demonstrations allows people to voice concerns without breaking law

21.  Identifies problem areas  When large numbers of people violate a norm, it is an indication that something in society needs to be changed

22.  Provides jobs for people  Judges, lawyers, police officers, prison guards, and parole officers  Criminologists  social scientists who study criminal behavior

23.  Sociologists attempt to explain deviance through three different perspectives:  Functionalist perspective  Conflict perspective  Interactionist perspective

24.  Robert Merton  Strain Theory  Views deviance as the natural outgrowth of the values, norms, and structure of society

25.  Merton believed that people fall victim to anomie  when norms are unclear or no longer applicable

26.  accept both culturally approved goals and the means for achieving these goals; always through legitimate means  Efforts always involve legitimate means

27.  Accept cultural goals of society but do not accept the means for achieving these goals  Want money, but get it through other means…drug dealers

28.  find it impossible to achieve cultural goals by acceptable means  Totally abandon goals while continuing expected rules of behavior  Example…worker may pass up a promotion rather than face possible failure

29.  reject both cultural goals and the socially accepted means of obtaining them  Make no effort, drop out of society…drug addicts, beggars, hermits

30.  want to substitute new sets of goals and means

31.  Competition and social inequality lead to deviance  Struggle between those with power and those without

32.  Ruling classes label any behavior that threatens their power base as deviant  Lower classes have only limited opportunities in life and are forced to commit acts of deviance

33.  Higher rates of arrest and conviction  Don’t commit more crime than the higher class, just crimes that are more detected and punishable

34.  Control theory  deviance is a natural occurrence  More interested in why they conform as opposed to why they are deviant

35.  Conform due to social ties  the more integrated into society the less likely you will commit acts of deviance  Self control  people with strong self control conform

36.  Cultural transmission theory  deviance is a learned behavior  Differential association  frequency and closeness of associations a person has with deviant and nondeviant individuals

37.  Labeling theory  how individuals come to be defined as deviant  Primary, secondary, and degradation

38.  Nonconformity that goes undetected by those in authority  Don’t consider themselves to be deviant and neither does society  Going over speed limit

39.  results in the individual being labeled as deviant and accepting the label  The individual acknowledges they are deviant

40.  public setting, such as a trial, the individual is denounced, found guilty and given the new identity of deviant  Life changing event