1. CHAPTER 7—DEVIANCE & CRIME

2. WHAT IS DEVIANCE???  Can be: Criminal OR Unethical Immoral Peculiar Not just atypical or uncommon—AMISH  Definition—based on time & place  Social definition--subjective

3. DEVIANCE VARIES BY ETHNICITY, RACE & SEX  Fighting  Killing a person  Abortion  Gay marriage  Interracial marriages  gangs

4. Types of Deviance  1-positive Overconformity Idealize group norms Ex: anorexia, cleanliness in Singapore  2-negative Behavior doesn’t meet norms Ignore or reject norms **minor instance of deviance—not a “Deviant”

5. SOCIAL CONTROL 2 TYPES  INTERNAL “CONSCIENCE” THRU SOCIALIZTION YOU LEARN WHAT TO DO  EXTERNAL REWARDS & PUNISHMENTS FOR YOUR BEHAVIORS  POSITIVE-awards, promotions, smiles  Negative-prison, fines, tickets, criticism

6. WHAT MAKES SOMEONE DEVIANT?  NATURE—MENTAL ILLNESS  NURTURE FREUD—Underdeveloped superego Can’t control drives for aggression & pleasure

7. MERTON—STRUCTURAL STRAIN THEORY—5 STAGES  Strain between societal expectations & opportunities  Anomie  1-conformity  2-innovation  3-ritualism  4-retreatism  5-rebellion Criticisms—frustration doesn’t always cause deviance; look at social structure

8. OTHER THEORIES  HIRSCHI STUDY 2001  Deviance depends on the bonds between society & individual Social bonds:  1-attachment  2-commitment  3-involvement  4-belief  **Bonds control individual behavior

9. DURKHEIM—”deviance is part of all healthy societies”  1-helps define what is acceptable  2-unites society against deviance  3-helps society go thru social changes Ex—civil rights

10. Differential Association Who you associate with makes you more deviant=learned behavior  Akers—”best single predictor of adolescent behavior is the behavior of close friends”  If associate with deviants—  If deviance is practiced by significant others—  Age of exposure

11. LABELLING THEORY  PRIMARY DEVIANCE  SECONDARY DEVIANCE  Consequences of Labeling “stigma”—undesirable label Ex: racial profiling etc.

12. SAINTS & ROUGHNECKS STUDY BY CHAMBLISS  LOOK AT LABELS IN SCHOOLS  SAINTSROUGHNECKS MC-LC Good students-poor students “sow wild oats”-”good for nothing’ *groups meet societal expectations *parents less influential

13. CONFLICT PERSPECTIVE & DEVIANCE  Threatens status quo  Challenges beliefs  Powerful & rich decide who is deviant

14. Unequal Treatment of Minorities  1-police & courts  2-sentences harsher—more death penalty cases  REASONS: 1-lackof $ 2-crimes against whites punished more severly 3-victim discounting