1. Subjects, Predicates, & More
Parts of Sentences
Subjects, Predicates, & More
With your group take notes that include the parts of the sentence, their definitions and examples.

2. Sentence
A group of words that contains a subject and its predicate and makes a complete thought. Donny watched. is a sentence. If Donny watched is not a sentence. “If Donny watched,” then what?

3. This is really important: S V C (the complement is based on the verb).

4. Predicate Subject I.O D.O Subj. Comp. Action Verb Linking Verb
Parts of Sentence
Linking Verb
Subj.
Comp.

5. I gave him the ring.
I was finally relieved.

6. Predicate Subject I.O D.O Subj. Comp. Action Verb Linking Verb him
the ring
Predicate
Subject
Action Verb I
gave
Hit, Do, Think,
Act, Make…
was
Parts of Sentence
Linking Verb
Subj.
Comp.
To Be, Become,
Feel, Seem, Appear…
relieved

7. Object of the preposition
D.O
I gave him the ring.
I gave the ring to him.
D.O
Object of the preposition
I was finally relieved.

8. Basic Parts of A Sentence
Every sentence has two basic parts.
SUBJECT PREDICATE
Huge cresting waves pounded the sailboat.
The subject tells whom or what the sentence is about.
The predicate tells what the subject is or does or what happens to the subject.
To figure out what the subject is, ask the question, “don’t they?” or “can’t they?” to the end of a sentence. Whatever “they” or “it” refers to is the subject of the sentence.

9. Basic Parts of A Sentence
The basic elements of a sentence are the simple subject and the simple predicate. The simple predicate is a VERB!!
The simple subject is the key word or words in the subject.
The simple predicate is the verb or verb phrase that tells something about the subject.

10. Basic Parts of A Sentence
The simple subject and the simple predicate do NOT include any describing words like adjectives and adverbs.
The violent storm battered the sailboat.
Simple subject.
Ask who or what does something.
(noun or pronoun)
The violent STORM
Simple predicate.
Ask what the subject is or does or what happens to it. (verb)
BATTERED the sailboat.

11. Why does it matter? If you cannot find the simple subject and simple
predicate in a sentence, you have created a
SENTENCE FRAGMENT which is an incomplete thought.
For example,
Blew a boat with five fishermen out into the Pacific Ocean.
Missing?
Subject
Sharks around the boat all the time.
Predicate

12. Try this….
Identify the simple subject and simple predicate in the following sentences.
Hurricane Andrew struck southern Florida in August 1992.
This ferocious storm destroyed several communities.
The high winds also tore a county zoo apart.
Many animals, afraid of the wind, cowered in their cages.
5. Many Florida residents will remember this storm for the rest of their lives.

13. Try this….
Identify the simple subject and simple predicate in the following sentences.
Hurricane Andrew struck southern Florida in August 1992.
This ferocious storm destroyed several communities.
The high winds also tore a county zoo apart.
Many animals, afraid of the wind, cowered in their cages.
5. Many Florida residents will remember this storm for the rest of their lives.

14. What's wrong with these?
Collected rainwater in canvas bags and old metal containers.
Needs SUBJECT
Costa Rica a parade and celebration for the men’s homecoming.
Needs PREDICATE
Finally, a Japanese ship rescued the weary crew.
Nothing Wrong

15. Complete Subjects and Predicates
The complete subject includes simple subject and all the words that describe it.
The complete predicate includes the verb and all the words that describe it.
Disaster movies fascinate nearly everyone.
Complete Subject: Disaster movies
Complete Predicate: fascinate nearly everyone.
NOTICE!
Every word in the sentence is part of the complete subject or the complete predicate.

16. Try These….
Underline the compound subject or compound predicates in the following sentences. Circle the simple subjects and verbs.
Children and adults can survive frigid weather for a long time.
Cold water signals the brain and triggers a ‘diving reflex.’
The brain slows and needs only half the normal level of oxygen.
Electrical activity and chemical actions in the brain keep the body alive.
The heart and brain can survive for 40 or 50 minutes in this state.

17. Compound Subjects and Verbs
A sentence can have more than one subject or verb.
A compound subject is made up of two or more subjects that SHARE a verb.
Ciera and Alex share the same desk.
COMPOUND SUBJECT VERB

18. Compound Subjects and Verbs
A sentence can have more than one subject or verb.
A compound verb is made up of two or more verbs or verb phrases that are joined by a conjunction and have the SAME SUBJECT.
The exhausted diver ached and moaned.
COMPOUND VERB

19. Try These….
Underline the compound subject or compound predicates in the following sentences. Circle the simple subjects and verbs.
Children and adults can survive frigid weather for a long time.
Cold water signals the brain and triggers a ‘diving reflex.’
The brain slows and needs only half the normal level of oxygen.
Electrical activity and chemical actions in the brain keep the body alive.
The heart and brain can survive for 40 or 50 minutes in this state.

20. If the verb is an ACTION…
D.O
Predicate
Subject
Action Verb
Then look for a direct object!

21. WHO or WHAT RECEIVES Direct Objects A noun or pronoun that tells
the action of the verb.

22. For Example…
Nothing can escape a black hole. Direct Object John gave me the book. DO? John gave me the book. (The book RECEIVES the action of being given.) The ball was thrown.

23. If you find a D.O, then look for an INDIRECT OBJECT!…
I.O
D.O
Predicate
Subject
Action Verb
There won’t be an I.O. if there is no D.O.

24. the action of the verb is done.
Indirect Objects
Nouns or pronouns that tell
TO WHOM or FOR WHAT
the action of the verb is done.

25. For Example,
The Hubble telescope showed scientists an enormous black hole. Indirect Object John gave me the book. IO? The ball was thrown to him.

26. If the verb is LINKING, look for a subject complement!
Predicate
Subject
Linking Verb
Subj.
Comp.

27. (feel, seem, consider, smell, sound, taste)
Subject Complements
Follow
linking verbs and
identify or describe the subject.
(feel, seem, consider, smell, sound, taste)
PRED. NOMINATIVE
A NOUN used as a subject complement
PRED. ADJECTIVE
An ADJECTIVE used as a subject complement.

28. Subject Complements Cont'd
PRED. NOMINATIVE
A NOUN used as a subject complement
The Amazon is a very wide river.
PRED. ADJECTIVE
An ADJECTIVE used as a subject complement.
In places, neither bank is visible from the middle of the river.

29. Try these…
The American West offers residents and tourists an abundance of beautiful rock formations.
For example, Bryce Canyon in Utah is popular among sightseers and photographers.
Visitors find its multicolored formations unspeakably gorgeous.
The huge sandstone arches also show humans the power of erosion.
The federal government made Bryce Canyon a national park in 1928.

30. Kinds of Sentences
A sentence can be used to make a statement, ask a question, give a command, or show strong feelings.
There are four kinds of sentences:
Declarative
Interrogative
Imperative
Exclamatory

31. Declarative Sentence
We’ve never swum out this far. This kind of sentence expresses a fact, wish, intent, or feeling. It always ends with a period. Write your own

32. Interrogative Sentence
Is that a shark following us? This kind of sentence asks a question and always ends in a question mark. Write your own

33. Imperative Sentence
Hide until it leaves. Now swim for shore! This kind of sentence expresses a command, request, or direction. (It usually ends with a period. If the command is strong, it may end with an exclamation point. ) Write your own
Leave me alone.
Do your work.
Listen.

34. Exclamatory Sentence
We almost didn’t make it! This kind of sentence expresses strong feelings. It always ends in an exclamation point. Write your own

35. Your Turn
Look at the following cartoon…. Write a dialogue for it using All four different types of sentences. Be creative!

36. Subjects in Unusual Positions
Usually, subjects come before verbs. However, on some occasions subjects appear in unusual positions—after verbs or inside verb phrases. In an inverted sentence, the subject comes after the verb or part of the verb phrase. Usual Order: The savage storm came down on the Spanish galleon. Inverted Order: Down came the savage storm on the Spanish galleon.

37. Subjects in Unusual Positions
Usual Order: The sea swept across the deck of the hopeless ship. Inverted Order: Across the deck of the hopeless ship swept the sea.

38. Subjects in Unusual Positions
Sentences Beginning with Here or There. Though “here” or “there” may begin a sentence, these words are rarely the subjects. In fact, the subject of a sentence that begins with one of these words usually follows the verb. Ex: Here is the massive anchor of the galleon. There lies the great ship, far beneath the ocean.

39. Sentences Beginning with Here or There
Agreement between subject and verb can be tricky. Identify the subject before deciding on the verb form. Here is the massive anchor of the galleon. Anchor is Here are the massive anchors of the galleon. Anchors are

40. Questions
In a question, the subject usually comes after the verb or inside the verb phrase. Subject After Verb EX: Was the cargo of the galleon valuable? Subject inside Verb Phrase EX: Did the great ship survive the storm?

41. Imperative Sentences
In an imperative sentence, the subject is usually “you.” Request: (You) Please read the ancient scroll. Command: (You) Beware of the wild sea.

42. Complements….(Oh, why thank you! )
A complement (not compliment)…is a word or word group that follows the verb and complete its meaning. There are 4 types of complements: 1. Direct objects 2. Objective complements 3. Indirect objects 4. Subject complements

43. Objective Complements
A noun or adjective that follows the direct object and identifies or describes it. ONLY CERTAIN VERBS & THEIR SYNONYMS CAN BE FOLLOWED BY OBJECTIVE COMPLEMENTS. appoint, choose, consider, elect, keep, make, name, call, find, make, think.

44. For Example,
Over 1,500 species of fish call the Great Barrier Reef home.
Over 1,500 species of fish call the Great Barrier Reef home. (home=objective complement)
Its colorful formations make the reef unique.