1. 9.1 The Rising Power of Rome

2.  Under Etruscan rule Rome grew to become the biggest city in Italy.  Romans were unhappy and drove the Etruscans from their city and established a republic but did not end their problems.  They found themselves surrounded by enemies but managed to defend itself and gain control of Italy.

4.  Much of Roman art was copied from the Greeks.  Romans had great admiration towards Greek art.  Romans imported Greek art and Roman artists went to Greece to study with Greek artists to learn their style and techniques.  Although they borrowed a lot of Greek style they also made important contributions of their own especially in architecture.

5.  Reflects techniques and styles used in Greek sculpture and painting.  A desire for life-like portraits  At one time wax masks were made of deceased family members to be carried during the funeral and for a shrine in the home.  Wax was temporary and soon marble and other stone was used because it was longer lasting.  Artists who could carve life-like portraits were in great demand at the time.

6. GREEK SCULPTUREROMAN SCULPTURE  Preferred idealistic portraits  Designed for public monuments  Usually sculpted the entire body  Considered a sculpture of a head or bust incomplete  Preferred realistic portraits  Designed for private needs  Wanted their sculpture to remind people of specific individuals  Natural and Life-like  Show personal character with facial features and expression  Often just sculpted the head and not the whole body

7.  Double Portrait Bust  Bust =sculpture from the torso up  Creates the feeling you are looking at a real person  Shows wrinkles and imperfections  Expressions show character

8.  Wealthy Romans lived in lavish homes.  They did not like hanging artworks on the walls so instead artists painted murals.  Murals = large picture painted directly on the wall  Artists tried to reproduce the world around them as accurate as possible.  The scene often created the impression of looking out a window. Tour a Roman Villa http://www.villa-rustica.de/tour/toure.html

9.  Not all Roman paintings are noteworthy  This is evident in the many paintings found in houses in Pompeii  Pompeii was a city that was covered in ash when the volcano Vesuvius erupted in A.D. 79  When the remains were found archeologist discovered that almost of their homes were decorated with murals.

10.  Few examples of Roman painting and sculpture remain but examples of architecture and survived.  Designed and constructed city services such as aqueducts, sewer systems, and public buildings for business and leisure.  Romans were excellent planners and engineers.

11.  Many early Roman temples resemble Greek architecture.  Romans used features that fit their purposes.  Whereas Greeks used columns for support purposes Romans used them for decoration.

12.  Greek influence can be seen in this Roman temple that was built in France.  From first glance it looks like a Greek temple but a closer look reveals that the columns do not surround the entire building.  Half columns are attached to the wall to create a decorative pattern.

13.  The design of this Roman structure, which has been standing over 2000 years, demonstrates how the use of the following techniques creates stability and strength even in large buildings.  Barrel Vault = a series of round arches from front to back that form a tunnel.

14.  The round arch improved the post and lintel system that the Greeks used.  It allowed them to span a large area  Keystone = top stone of an arch  With the arch and concrete Romans could not build large scale architecture.

15.  Where ever the Roman army traveled, they spread their knowledge of the arch and concrete building techniques.  This bridge in Spain, was built by the Romans nearly 2,000 years ago and is still used today. Roman Bridge, Alcantara, Spain

16.  Aqueduct = a system that carries water from mountain streams into cities by using gravitational flow.  The series of arches supports each other and keeps the structure standing.  11 aqueducts can be found in and around Rome, ranging in length from 10- 60 miles, and carried nearly 270 million gallons of water in to the city each day!

17.  Mural = large painted picture directly on the wall  Keystone = top stone of an arch  Barrel Vault = a series of round arches from front to back that form a tunnel.  Aqueduct = a system that carries water from mountain streams into cities by using gravitational flow.