1. Non-Communicable Diseases
What are they?

2. Definition A disease that is non-infectious
Result from genetic and lifestyle factors
Cardiovascular, chronic respiratory, diabetes, and cancers account for almost 2/3 of all deaths globally

3. Are they Preventable?
Almost 80% of all heart disease, stroke, and Type II diabetes could be prevented
Almost 2/3 of cancers could be prevented
These figures could be lessened by eliminating risk factors such as: tobacco use, alcohol, unhealthy diet, and physical inactivity

4. Cancer Abnormal cells divide without control and invade other tissues
Over 100 types of cancer
Named by where they start

5. Cardiovascular Disease
Problems related to the build up of plaque buildup in the walls of the arteries
Also includes irregular heartbeat, heart failure, and heart valve problems
Leading cause of death in the USA
High cholesterol, high BP, and diabetes increase your risk for developing heart disease

6. Diabetes
Type I: pancreas stops producing insulin, cannot be prevented or cured
Type II: Body still produces insulin, but does not use it effectively. In many instances, it is caused by obesity
Glucose builds up in the blood rather than being taken to cells to be used for energy

7. Chronic Respiratory Disease
Diseases that affect the lungs (respiratory system)
Athsma
COPD, chronic bronchitis, emphysema
Pneumonia
Cystic Fibrosis
Tuberculosis

8. Communicable Diseases
What are they?

9. Definition
Disease that can be transmitted from one person to another by fluid exchange or exposure to infected vectors (air, food, contaminated surfaces, etc.)

10. Are they Preventable? Heck yeah!
Since they are transmitted through contact or exposure to the virus, bacteria, fungus, or parasite; there are precautions that can be taken

11. Some examples HIV/AIDS (viral) Influenza (viral)
Common Cold (bacterial)
Tuberculosis (bacterial)
MRSA (bacterial)
Lice (parasitic)
Yeast Infection (fungal)

12. Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Communicable or Non-Communicable?

13. Communicable
The only 100% method to prevent STD’s is to practice abstinence
This means abstinence in ALL forms of sexual contact.
½ sexually active people will have contracted an STD by the age of 25
Every year, there are more than 19 million new cases of STD’s
More than 50% of sexually active people will get HPV at some point in their lives
If left untreated, some STD’s can cause infertility or cancer

14. Common STD’s Chlamydia Genital Herpes Genital Warts Gonorrhea
Hepatitis B
HIV/AIDS
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Pubic Lice
Syphilis
Trichonomiasis

15. Chlamydia Bacterial One of the most common It is often asymptomatic
Symptoms may be discharge, burning sensations while urinating, itching, and swelling
In females, it can lead to PID, ectopic pregnancies, infertility, and urethral infections
In males, it can cause inflammation of the urethra and epididymis
Can be tested through urine and treated with an antibiotic
Can be contracted again

16. Genital Herpes
Viral
Usually HSV-2, but someone with HSV-1 (around mouth) can pass it on through oral sex
Cause sores/blisters in the infected area
May cause flu-like symptoms
Someone may be asymptomatic
There is no cure
Increases risk for contracting HIV
A mother can pass it on to her baby, causing severe complications

17. Genital Warts Viral Human papilloma virus
Flat or raised bumps near the genital area
Often no signs or symptoms
If not treated, they may grow bigger and multiply. Can be passed to other partners
Cannot be cured

18. Gonorrhea Bacterial May be asymptomatic
Females may experience burning sensation, yellow-green discharge, or beleding between periods
Males may experience a burning sensation and a yellowish-white discharge
If left untreated, can cause PID, infertility (M/F), swelling of epididymis, can affect throat, brain, eyes, heart, skin, and joints
Can be treated with antibiotics

19. Hepatitis B Viral Symptoms similar to the flu Jaundice
Pain in liver area
Usually asymptomatic until later on, when damage has already occurred
Can cause liver damage, liver cancer
There is an immunization
No cure

20. HIV/AIDS
Viral
Destroys defense cell CD4 helper, which fights infections in the body
People might not notice symptoms for up to 10 years
Symptoms may include: fatigue, extreme weight loss, sores, heavy night sweating, swollen lymph glands, frequent fevers, chronic diarrhea, white spots in mouth and throat, severe vaginal yeast infections that won’t go away
There is no cure

21. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Bacterial
Infection of fallopian tubes, ovaries, and uterus.
Develops from gonorrhea or chlamydia
Symptoms may include: pain/tenderness in lower abdomen, foul-smelling discharge, chills/fever, loss of appetite, bleeding between periods, painful urination
If left untreated can cause infertility and ectopic pregnancy
Treatable with antibiotics

22. Pubic Lice
Parasite
Tiny insects that feed from hosts blood and cause itching
Can be contracted from towels, clothing, bedding, and sexual contact
No serious health problems, but discomfort
Treatment is medication and thorough sterilization of infested items

23. Syphilis
Bacterial
Early on, syphilis is treatable, but if left untreated it can cause serious problems, even death
4 stages: primary, secondary, latent, tertiary
Primary: chancre (painless) sores, highly contagious, swollen glands
Secondary: rash on soles of feet and palms, flu-like symptoms, still contagious
Latent: all signs of the disease go away, can last for years, but the disease is still there
Tertiary: spirochetes have spread throughout the body affecting the brain, heart, eyes, spinal cord and bones. Can lead to difficulty walking, numbness, blindness, and death

24. Trichonomiasis Parasite Most common
Females may experience vaginosis, vaginal discharge, painful urination, abdominal pain, or asyptomatic
Most males will not experience any symptoms
May cause low birth weight or early birth
Makes someone more susceptible to contracting HIV
Can be cured with antibiotics

25. Resources
Teens Health:
STD Facts: Shocking Statistics You May Not Know About STD’s:
Global Health: