1. Burns
70% of burn injuries occur in the home

2. Prevention Smoke alarms Candles (xmas) Pan placement on stoves
Fire extinguisher
Care around flammable products
(gasoline, kerosene) Nephew
Appliances off
Fireplace and wood stoves inspected

3. Practice A Family Fire Drill
Ladder for upstairs
Baseball bat for windows
Stickers on windows
Plan an alternate escape route
Meet outside at a designated place

4. House Fire Scenario
You are in a bedroom, the door is closed, what do you do?

5. House Fire Scenario
Drop to hands and knees (more toxic next to the floor)
Crawl to door
Feel door, knob If hot, do not open
Most deaths are from smoke inhalation

6. Burns
Thermal
Chemical
Electrical

7. Thermal Burns Caused by : Flames Hot objects
Flammable vapor that ignites
Steam or hot liquid
(baby in Texas)

8. Thermal Burns: What To Do
Stop
Drop
Roll

9. Thermal Burns: What To Do #2
Remove smoldering, hot, or burned clothing
Do not remove “stuck” clothing
Remove jewelry (necklace burn)

10. Thermal Burns: What To Do
Make quick assessment
Check ABC’s
It is appropriate to consider the following but don’t waste time
Determine depth of burn
Determine extent of burn (rule of 9’s
Head = 9% (18% child & infant)
One hand and arm = 9%
Each leg = 18 % (14% child and infant)
Front torso = 18% (9% upper half, 9% lower half)
Back torso = 18% (9% upper half, 9% lower half)

11. Thermal Burns: What To Do
Rule of palm = 1%
Use for scatter burns
See physician for burns to face, hands, feet or genitals
Circumferential burn? See physician
Does victim have other medical problems?

12. Chemical Burns Caused by: Acids (batteries)
Alkalis (drain cleaners- often more extensive)
Organic compounds (oil products)

13. Chemical Burns If substance is dry:
Brush off before rinsing with water
Protect yourself
After brushing off chemical, or after exposure to liquid chemical:
Rinse with water for 20 minutes or longer
Remove contaminated clothing while flushing with water
Final rinse? Use soap

14. Chemical Burns #2 Call poison control Cover with dry sterile dressing
Do not try to neutralize a chemical
(save label)
Seek medical attention for all chemical burns

15. Chemical Burn to the Eye
Flush 20 minutes with low pressure water
Milk or other non-irritating liquid
Remove contacts
Flush outward
Roll eyeball
Loosely bandage both eyes with cold, wet dressings
Seek medical attention

16. Electrical Burns Prevention: Outlet covers Breakers
Gadget for checking power
Excessive number of power cords plugged in

17. Electrical Burns External burns may not be present May induce:
ventricular fibrillation (cardiac problems)
Respiration problems
“Freeze” due to muscle spasms

18. Electrocution Surface injury may be “tip of the ice berg”
Electricity travels along nerves and vessels
Exits body where it is in contact with ground
May have several exit sites
Surface injury may be “tip of the ice berg”

19. Car Accident Involving Power Line
What should you do first?
Should you remove victim from the vehicle?
What if you feel tingling in your legs?
Should you try to remove downed wires or poles?
(buried power line)

20. Someone Has Made Contact with Power Inside Your House
What would you do first?
Then :
Check ABC’s
Treat for shock
Seek medical attention

21. What to do for Electrical Burns
Once the power is off, Check ABC’s
Spinal injury from fall?
Treat for shock
Most are 3rd degree
Cover with sterile dressing, elevate body part
Seek medical attention (burn center)
(combine / lift)

22. Degree of Burns First-degree (superficial)
Second-degree (partial thickness)
Third-degree (full thickness)

23. First Degree Burns (superficial)
Affects outer layer of skin
Redness, swelling, tenderness, pain
Usually heals without scarring

24. Care of First-Degree Burns
Immerse in cold water 10 to 45 minutes or use cold, wet cloths
Cold stops burn progression
May use other liquids
Do not apply cold on burn covering >20% of the body
Aspirin or ibpuprofen
Acetaminophen will not reduce inflammation
Bacitracin (no other OTC products)
Aloe vera , moisturizer lotion
Dressing?
Drink plenty of water

25. First Degree Burns Do not: Cover first degree burns
Do not use anesthetic sprays with benzocaine (may cause contact dermatitis)

26. Second Degree Burns (partial thickness)
Extends into the inner layer of skin
Blisters, swelling, weeping, severe pain

27. Care of Second Degree Burns
Immerse in cold water / wet pack
Aspirin or ibuprofen
Drink plenty of water
Apply bacitracin or Silvedene (do not use home remedies)
Cover burn with non-sticking dressing
If burn is extensive:
Treat for shock / seek medical attention
Do not break blisters
Hot tar on lip

28. Third Degree Burns
Extends through skin, muscle and bone -Nerve endings are destroyed
Discoloration
Area larger than a half-dollar requires tissue removal and grafting to properly heal

29. Care of Third Degree Burns
Usually not necessary to apply cold to areas of third degree
Do not apply ointments
Apply sterile, non-stick dressings (do not use plastic)
Check ABC’s
Treat for shock
Medical help
(radiator burn)

30. Sunburn Usually 1st degree, sometimes 2nd degree Cool compresses
Drink plenty of fluids
Fever / chills
Use lotions, bacitracin (lake, snow skiing, lips, ears)
Prevention:
Sunscreen: SPF 30 has only 3% > protection than SPF 15
Skin cancer

31. Respiratory Tract Burns
All must receive medical care
Nose to trachea receives brunt of the burn
Swelling may appear in 2 to 24 hours
Chlorine
Add to water
Wall paper removers
Bathroom cleaning agents (chemistry set)
Use products in well ventilated area
Don’t mix ammonia and bleach
Toilet bowl flushes

32. Other Moderate to Severe Burns Requiring Medical Care
Under 5 years old / over 55
Breathing difficulties
Other injuries
Electrical injury
Suspected child abuse (teacher liability)
2nd degree >20% of body
Third degree