1. Survey of Britain by Zhang Haiyan1 An outline of British history （ 1500 onward ） (Session 5) Objectives: To help students get a clear outline of the British history dating from the 16 th century to the present day. To get students to be familiar with some renowned figures that have once changed the course of the British history. To enable students to summarize the British history by following the example displayed on the slides.

2. Survey of Britain by Zhang Haiyan2 An outline of British history （ 1500 onward ） (Session 5) Questions for Discussion: Which dynasties was England in before and after 1455? When did the English Reformation take place? Who carried out the Reformation and for what reason? What was the result? When did the English Renaissance begin? Who were the sovereigns then? How much do you know about Victorian Age? What made Elizabeth become Queen of Britain? What contributions did Margaret Thatcher make to British economy? Who is the present Prime Minister? What event(s) caused significant changes of the British society since 17 th century? Can you name some?

3. Survey of Britain by Zhang Haiyan3 An outline of British history （ 1500 onward ） （ Session 5 ） Events Date Details Wars of the Roses 1455-1485 *Death blow on Feudalism *Weakened and discredited. the great medieval nobility *Highlighted the King’s power *Henry Tudor united the two Houses The English Reformation 16th century *A move from Catholicism to Protestantism Edward VI’ reign 1547-1553 *Real religious change was fulfilled Mary Tudor’s reign 1553-58 *Persecuted the Protestants to restore (Bloody Mary) Catholicism

4. Survey of Britain by Zhang Haiyan4 An outline of British history （ 1500 onward ） （ Session 5 ） Events Date Details Elizabeth I’s reign 1558-1603 *Smashed the Catholic conspiracy against Protestantism by executing Mary Stuart (1587) and defeating Spanish Armada (1588) *English Renaissance James I’s reign 1603-1625 *Gunpowder Plot, 1605 *Mayflower, 1620 Charles I’s reign 1625-49 *The Civil Wars, 1642-49 *Execution of Charles I by Cromwell and the Rumps (tyrant, traitor, murderer and public enemy)

5. Survey of Britain by Zhang Haiyan5 An outline of British history （ 1500 onward ） （ Session 5 ） Events Date Details The Commonwealth 1649-1660 *Cromwell, Lord Protector The Restoration 1658-1660 *Return of Charles II The Glorious Revolution 1688 *Drove away James II (Charles II’ brother) *Emerge of the earliest 2 parties: Whigs & Tories Reform of the monarchy 1689 *William of Orange and Mary co-ruled under the Bill of Right *Emerge of the Constitutional Monarchy

6. Survey of Britain by Zhang Haiyan6 An outline of British history （ 1500 onward ） （ Session 5 ） Events Date Details Agricultural Change late 18th C *Open-field system VS Enclosure Act (Thomas Coke ， 1754-1842 ） *Introduction of the crop rotation *Invention of artificial fertilizer and new agricultural machinery (seed-drill: Jethro Tull, 1674-1741) *Emerge of the new class hostility in the rural relationships Industrial Revolution 1780-1830 *Mechanization of industry Changes in social and economic organization (Read Cowper, W.1785. Town and Country in The Task (Book 1) [M] in Gu Yueguo (chief ed.) 1998. English Through Literature [M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press. P356.)

7. Survey of Britain by Zhang Haiyan7 An outline of British history （ 1500 onward ） （ Session 5 ） Industrial Revolution 1780-1830 （ Inventors and their inventions ） InventorsInventionsYears Importance John KayFlying shuttle 飞梭 1733Speeded up hand weaving James HargreaveSpinning jenny 詹妮纺纱机 1766Enabled one had labourer to spin many threads at a time. Richard ArkwrightWaterframe 水力纺纱机 1769Required power to drive. Samuel Cromton Mule 绽纺机 1779 Thomas Newcomer Steam engine At the end of the 17th century Devised James Watt (Scottish) （ 1736-1819 ） 1765Modified and improved the design with rotary motion that could be applied to textile and other machinery. Abraham Darby Replaced charcoal 木炭 with coke 焦碳 to melt iron. 1709Hugely increased the production of iron. Henry CourtPuddding and rolling processes 搅炼法、滚压法 1784 Enabled vastly increased quantities of high-quality iron to replace wood and stone in may sectors of economy. EdmundCartwright Power loom 力织机 Enabled weaving to catch up with spinning

8. Survey of Britain by Zhang Haiyan8 (Cowper, W.1785. Town and Country in The Task (Book 1) [M] in Gu Yueguo (chief ed.) 1998. English Through Literature [M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press. P356.) Town and Country God made the country and man made the town 1 What wonder then that health and virtue, gifts That can alone make sweet the bitter draught 2 That life holds out to all, should most abound And least is threaten’d in the fields and groves? Possess ye 3, therefore, ye who borne about In chariots and sedans 4, know no fatigue But that of idleness, and taste no scenes But such as art contrives 5, possess ye still Your element; there only can ye shine, There only minds like yours’ can do no harm Our groves were planted to console at noon The pensive wand’rer in their shades. At eve 1 The countryside of the 18th century England was largely the result of centuries of agriculture. 2 Cowper thinks life as fundamentally an unhappy experience—the beauty of the countryside at least makes it easier to bear. 3 An old form of plural you. 4 Cowper puts traffic as the first of the unpleasant features of town life. 5 All these things are available to city dwellers, but are no match for the real scenes of the countryside.

9. Survey of Britain by Zhang Haiyan9 (Cowper, W.1785. Town and Country in The Task (Book 1) [M] in Gu Yueguo (chief ed.) 1998. English Through Literature [M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press. P356.) Town and Country The moonbeam sliding softly in between The sleeping leaves, is all the light they wish, Birds’ warbling all their music. We can spare The splendour of your lamps 6 ; they but eclipse Our softer satellite 7 your songs confound Our more harmonious notes; the thrush departs Scar’d and th’ offended nightingale is mute There is public mischief in your mirth It plagues your country 8 Folly such as yours Grac’d with a sward, and worthier of a fan 9 Has made, what enemies never could have done, Our arch of empire, steadfast but for you, A mutilated structure, soon to fall. 6 Cowper contrasts the well-lit streets of the city with the country, which has only the light of the moon. 7 the moon 8 The city enjoyments such as shopping, theatres, concerts, drama, are morally damaging to society. 9 City entertainments are trivial. They are fit only for women, but are enjoyed by men. They will destroy the power and greatness of Britain, as her political enemies have never succeeded in doing.

10. Survey of Britain by Zhang Haiyan10 An outline of British history （ 1500 onward ） （ Session 5 ） Events Date Details Colonial Expansion late 18th C. *Newfoundland (1583), India (1600), early 19th C. Jamestown, Virginia (1607), Australia (1788), Canada (1763), etc. The Chartist Movement 1836-1848 *Emergence of the working class (proletarian), the Trade Unions (TUC, 1868), the LP (1906) Parliamentary reform 1911 *the Parliament Act reallocating the power WWI 1914 *Great loss of manpower (>1 million) *Considerable disruption of the economy and society *Establishment of League of Nations 国际联 盟 (Paris Conference, 1919) Roaring Twenties 1920s *American import---music and Jazz. Great Depression 1931

11. Survey of Britain by Zhang Haiyan11 An outline of British history （ 1500 onward ） （ Session 5 ） Events Date Details Edward VIII after George V 1936 George VI 1937 Abdication of Edward VIII WWII 1939 Elizabeth II was crowned. 1952 Invasion of Egypt with France 1956 Swinging Sixties 1960s *pop music and Beatles (Liverpool)

12. Survey of Britain by Zhang Haiyan12 An outline of British history （ 1500 onward ） （ Session 5 ） I am John Major I am Tony Blair I am Gordon Brown

13. Survey of Britain by Zhang Haiyan13 An outline of British history （ 1500 onward ） （ Session 5 ） Events Date Details Member of the EC 1973 *Common Market (Treaty of Rome, 1957) Margaret Thatcher 1979 *Conservative Party Thatcherism---the theory put forward by the British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, a belief in self-reliance and privatization. Rapid growth in economy Late 1980s John Major 1990-1997 Tony Blair 1997-2007 Gordon Brown 2007-

14. Survey of Britain by Zhang Haiyan14 An outline of British history （ 1500 onward ） （ Session 5 ） Assignment 1)Watch the document Elizabeth II and depict the separate roles of the royal family and the government. How would you react to Diana’s death if you were Elizabeth II or Tony Blair? Why? 2)Do research work on the British Prime Ministers and make a namelist of them.