1. Pop Quiz: Match the Crime with the Main Cause CrimeMain Cause 1.Street crimeA.Poor parenting (assault, rape, B/E) 2.Petty crimeB.Psychoses (shoplifting, public intox) 3.Serial killingC.Poor neighborhood 4.Domestic violenceD.Being young/acting (assault, rape, incest, abuse)stupid.

2. Pop Quiz: Match the Crime with the Main Cause CrimeMain Cause 1.Street crimeA.Poor parenting (assault, rape, B/E) 2.Petty crimeB.Psychoses (shoplifting, public intox) 3.Serial killingC.Poor neighborhood 4.Domestic violenceD.Being young/acting (assault, rape, incest, abuse)stupid.

3. Pop Quiz: Match the Crime with the Main Cause CrimeMain Cause 1.Street crimeA.Poor parenting (assault, rape, B/E) 2.Petty crimeB.Psychoses (shoplifting, public intox) 3.Serial killingC.Poor neighborhood 4.Domestic violenceD.Being young/acting (assault, rape, incest, abuse)stupid

4. Pop Quiz: Match the Crime with the Main Cause CrimeMain Cause 1.Street crimeA.Poor parenting (assault, rape, B/E) 2.Petty crimeB.Psychoses (shoplifting, public intox) 3.Serial killingC.Poor neighborhood 4.Domestic violenceD.Being young/acting (assault, rape, incest, abuse)stupid.

5. Pop Quiz: Match the Crime with the Main Cause CrimeMain Cause 1.Street crimeA.Poor parenting (assault, rape, B/E) 2.Petty crimeB.Psychoses (shoplifting, public intox) 3.Serial killingC.Poor neighborhood 4.Domestic violenceD.Being young/acting (assault, rape, incest, abuse)stupid.

6. Pop Quiz: What is the monetary cost of murder? Consider: victim costs, criminal justice costs (i.e., investigation, arrest, prosecution), incarceration, probation, and opportunity costs. 1.$1,480,000 2.$6,150,000 3.$11,150,000 4.$17, 250,000 5.$21, 820,000

7. Pop Quiz: What is the monetary cost of murder? Consider: victim costs, criminal justice costs (i.e., investigation, arrest, prosecution), incarceration, probation, and opportunity costs. 1.$1,480,000 2.$6,150,000 3.$11,150,000 4.$17, 250,000 5.$21, 820,000

8. Pop Quiz: What is the monetary cost of crime? Consider: victim costs, criminal justice costs (i.e., investigation, arrest, prosecution), incarceration, probation, and opportunity costs. 1.Rape$448,532 2.Armed Robbery$335,733 3.Aggravated Assault$145,379 4.Burglary$41,228

9. Deviance Definition Actions or behaviors that violate cultural norms (i.e., codified rules: “thy shall not kill” ) or social norms (i.e., informal rules: “thy shall not wear plaid with paisley”). Deviance helps define the rules by defining a violation of the rules (i.e., “there is no crying in baseball”).

10. Deviance Definition Deviance can be a form of destructive behavior (i.e., “breaking and entering”). Deviance can be a means to suggest social change (i.e., “a peaceful sit-in”). Deviance can be a means to bringing about positive social change (i.e., “walking to work to save fuel and exercise more”).

11. Deviance Definition By definition, all social change is a form of deviance. Therefore, all efforts to bring about social change are acts of deviance. Deviance is a positive function to the extent that it brings about positive social change.

12. Deviance Definition In this section of Sociology 235, we will think of deviance primarily in the sense of breaking the law, of doing bad. At the end of the semester, we will discuss social movements and social change.

13. Deviance Structure-Functionalism Structure-functionalism emphasizes following the rules, which are developed through a consensus opinion of what is best for the whole. Deviance represents a violation of consensually understood rules. Deviance occurs because of mismatches, or “strains” among the functional imperatives.

14. Deviance Structure-Functionalism If the rules are undergoing rapid change, people feel they do not understand the rules, and they break the rules out of ignorance or frustration (i.e., anomie). Social cohesion (i.e., a sense of belonging, or “we- ness”), and social solidarity (i.e., trusting in representatives of societal institutions) are critical to maintaining social order.

15. Deviance Conflict Theory (Marxism) The rules are made by and for the benefit of the powerful elite. The less powerful are not part of the decision- making, and therefore feel removed from the rules (i.e., alienation). The less powerful should obtain “class consciousness” (i.e., realize they are being exploited).

16. Deviance Conflict Theory (Marxism) Deviance is the only way to achieve synthesis between the means for survival and the unfair relations between the powerful and less powerful. Deviance is the path to human freedom from oppression. Don’t get mad; get even!

17. Deviance Symbolic Interactionism Everyday language and actions re-define every day what is allowed and what is deviant. Deviance behavior is learned, just as naturally as any other form of socialization. We learn behavior, and sometimes what we learn is bad behavior (i.e., “choose your parents well”).

18. Deviance Symbolic Interactionism Labels define us as the good, the bad, and the ugly. Labeling is perpetuated by good and bad stereotypes. Labeling is reinforced when people internalize the looking-glass impressions and symbols perpetuated by society (i.e., we learn to love or hate our selves).

19. Deviance Symbolic Interactionism Importantly, labeling also defines “the right/wrong way to do things.” Can definitions of self influence crime rates? We will explore the relationship between traditional definitions of “masculinity” and rates of violent crime.