1. The New Republic
The Presidencies of George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and James Monroe

2. America in 1790 1790 census – 4 million What percent lived on farms?
Five biggest cities –
What did they have in common?
Public debt in 1790
What is the big deal with our currency?

3. Washington’s Administration
Election
Cabinet
Where in the Constitution does it mention the Cabinet?
Who were the members of the first Cabinet?
State, Treasury, War, Attorney General

4. Washington established many governmental precedents.
PRECEDENT: an example that would become a standard practice.

5. Shows use of “implied powers” Created by Washington
First 4 departments
1) Secretary of State- Thomas Jefferson
foreign affairs
2) Secretary of Treasury- Alexander Hamilton
money
3) Secretary of War- Henry Knox
military
4) Attorney General- Edmund Randolph
justice/law

6. Establishment of the Court System
Federal Judiciary Act of 1789
passed by Congress
Created an independent federal court system with the Supreme Court and lower level courts.
US Supreme Court=a Chief Justice and 5 associate justices. (Today we have 9).
Washington appoints John Jay as Chief Justice.

7. Hamilton’s Economic Plan
Believed if government favored the wealthy, in the long run all would benefit=stronger country “trickle down” theory
Also believed that support from the wealthy would create a strong central government
Assumption Bill-wanted Congress to assume debts accumulated by the national government and states
Believed tariffs needed to get money to pay off debt (taxed 7 cents a gallon)
Favored a National Bank

13. Issue of Banks and Constitution Hamilton v. Jefferson
Said what the Constitution did not forbid it permitted
Stated congress can pass any laws “necessary and proper”
If the national gov. was to collect taxes and trade it needed a bank
“loose construction”
Said the constitution had no written authority to est. a bank
Said it must then reside w/ states (10th Amendment)
“Strict construction”

15. Political Parties Emerge
Political parties (fractions) emerge out of the new issues facing the nation
Created in 1790 as Jefferson and Madison organize opposition against a federal bank

17. Washington’s Administration
Loose construction vs. strict construction
Define
“Elastic clause”

28. Washington leaves office
Leaves after 2nd term (retires)
Federalists back John Adams (Washington’s VP)
Democratic-Republicans back Thomas Jefferson
Adams won 71 to 68 Electoral Votes

29. Adams Administration Aristocrat Harvard Education
Did not appeal to the masses

30. 1796 JOHN ADAMS ELECTED 2ND PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES
XYZ Affair – 1798 – French wanted bribes to negotiate with America
Alien and Sedition Acts – 1798 – allowed the President to deport foreign citizens and made it illegal to criticize government policies.
1796

31. XYZ Affair
Adams sent an envoy to help fix relations w/ France headed by John Marshall
Instead of meeting the French Minister he met X,Y and Z
Asked for 32 million florins and another 250,000 dollars in order for the Americans to speak to Talleyrand.
Marshall refused and the U.S. prepared for war

32. “Millions for Defense”
Navy Department created (expanded from its 3 ships)
Marine Corps reestablished
New army of 10,000 men

33. The Little man and America
1799 Napoleon Bonaparte becomes new French Minister
Adams sends envoys to France
Treaty of Convention peacetime military alliance between the two
U.S. agreed to pay damage claims of American Shippers

34. Domestic Policy Under Adams
Issue of immigration from Western Europe
1. raised residence requirements from 5 years to 14
2. Alien Laws: President could deport “dangerous”
persons even in time of peace
3. Sedition Acts- those who spoke out against the
gov. would be fined & imprisoned (set to expire in
1801)

35. The Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions
Jefferson & Madison challenge the Alien & Sedition Acts
Compact Theory- individual states were to be the final judges of the Federal gov. overstepping its “compact”
Used as a platform for the election of 1800