2. By 1789, the population of America was still growing--doubling every 25 years Some major cities were beginning to develop 90 percent of Americans still live in rural areas Most Americans still live in the original 13 states

3. George Washington was the first American President Only President to be unanimously elected by the Electoral College in 1789 Mount Vernon home of George Washington Washington inaugurated in March in New York City (temporary capital of US) Secretary of StateSecretary of the TreasurySecretary of War Cabinet is not mentioned in the US Constitution…part of the “unwritten constitution” Washington set many precedents or examples in his Presidency

4. Anti-Federalists had been promised a Bill of Rights if they supported the Constitution Bill of Rights adopted in 1791 Bill of Rights is the first 10 amendments to the US Constitution James Madison is the writer of the Bill of Rights

5. 1.Organized the Supreme Court 2.Created 6 total justice positions 3.Created position of Chief Justice 4.Created Attorney General 5.Authorized other federal courts John Jay was the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

6. Alexander Hamilton was the Secretary of the Treasury in Washington’s Administration Was responsible for reviving the American economy His plan focused on tying the wealthy to the success of the US government 1.Bank of the United States--created in 1791 in Philadelphia 2.Excise Tax--whiskey 3.Funding at Par--government to pay debts at face value plus interest 4.Assumption of State debts--tied states to the federal government 5.Tariff on imported goods

7. Location of national capital Agreed in a compromise by Hamilton and Jefferson over state debts--located in South Believe that the Constitution is inflexible and says what it means Thomas Jefferson Biggest supporter is Thomas Jefferson Believe that the Constitution is flexible Necessary and Proper Elastic Clause Use the “Necessary and Proper” clause or Elastic Clause for their beliefs Alexander Hamilton Biggest supporter is Alexander Hamilton

8. Involved the Whiskey Tax under Hamilton’s financial program Occurred in 1794 Showed the new strength of the United States government

9. Alexander Hamilton Leader of Federalists Party was Alexander Hamilton Thomas Jefferson Leader of Democratic Republicans was Thomas Jefferson French Revolution totally separated Federalists and Democratic Republicans Federalists support the BritishDemocratic Republicans support French French Revolution eventually drew young America into its tangled web What was America to do….who should it side with?

12. Washington believed America had to avoid war at all costs Neutrality Proclamation of 1793 Washington issued the Neutrality Proclamation of 1793 French diplomat who attempted to go around Washington’s neutrality British ignored American neutrality Practiced impressments on American sailors

13. Treaty with England in 1794 John Jay sent to England to make a treaty with British to keep us out of war over impressments of US sailors Terms included: 1.British promise to leave American territories 2.British will pay for damages to ships, but won’t promise it won’t happen again 3.US agrees to pay off pre- Revolution war debts to British Treaty with Spain in 1795 Terms included: 1.Navigation of the Miss. River 2.Right of deposit in New Orleans 3.Disputed North Florida territory to US

14. Washington set many precedents including 2 terms for a President Washington’s Farewell Address warned of two things: 1.Political Parties formation 2.Permanent entangling alliances with foreign powers

15. Adams defeated Jefferson in the Electoral College 71-68 Jefferson as runner up was the Vice President Problem fixed with the 12 th amendment

16. Occurred in 1797 French warships had seized about 300 US vessels President Adams sent delegation to Paris to try and avoid war US delegates approached by 3 French agents (X, Y, and Z) French demanded bribe of $250,000 to talk to Talleyrand (French Foreign Minister) and a loan of $32,000,000 Negotiations broke down and war hysteria swept US Resulted in naval war (Quasi-War) with France for 2 ½ years

17. President John Adams put the nation above his own political future Known as “Adam’s Finest Hour” French eager to avoid major war and agree to end the 22 year old Franco-American alliance with US Major war avoided with France Not popular among Federalists

18. 1.Raised residence requirement for citizenship to 14 years 2.Said President could deport “dangerous “ foreigners Said anyone who impeded the policies of the government or falsely criticized its officials would face heavy fines and imprisonment Purpose was to reduce the power of Jeffersonians and silence anti-war opposition Jefferson and Madison will write the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions in protest

19. Written to protest the Alien and Sedition Acts Stated that states had the right to determine the constitutionality of a law (states rights) Compact Theory--belief that the 13 states were sovereign and had created the federal government and entered into a compact Same ideas will be used in Civil War by Southern leaders