1. Practical Applications of Biotechnology 1.Bioprocessing technology  Uses whole living cells or components of them to manufacture desired products.  Most common whole cells used are yeast and bacteria (one-celled organisms).  Most common components are enzymes (proteins that catalyze chemical reactions).  Cells isolated from animals and plants also are used to produce desired products.

2. Practical Applications of Biotechnology 2. Genetic engineering  The technique of removing, modifying or adding genes to a DNA molecule to change the information it contains.  More specifically is known as recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology.  The product of rDNA technology is known as a genetically modified organism, or GMO.  Example: Gene for human insulin inserted into E.coli → bacteria that make human insulin (a biopharmaceutical).

3. Practical Applications of Biotechnology 1. Agricultural applications — better crops, improved animal health 2. Medical and health care applications — new tests, vaccines, medicines 3. Chemical and environmental applications — better manufacturing processes and consumer products

4. Practical Applications of Biotechnology 1. Agricultural applications — crops and forest  Improve crop yields by introducing genes that confer resistance to insects, tolerance to herbicides and resistance to environmental stresses (drought, heat, cold).  Create disease- and insect-resistant trees to help meet demand for wood products.

5. Practical Applications of Biotechnology 1. Agricultural applications — improve animal health  Better detection of disease  More nutritious feed  New and more effective vaccines  Improved treatments for diseases

6. Practical Applications of Biotechnology 2. Medical and Health Care Applications  New diagnostic tests Example: quick test for strep throat  MANY new treatments for diseases and conditions Examples: diabetes, stroke, anemia, cystic fibrosis, hemophilia, leukemia and other cancers; hepatitis; rheumatoid arthritis; growth deficiencies; transplant rejection

7. Practical Applications of Biotechnology 3. Chemical and Environmental Applications (Industrial Biotechnology)  Produce enzymes used in laundry detergents.  Use genetically modified microorganisms that break down industrial waste.  Develop bio-based, biodegradable plastics.  Improve manufacturing that reduces the amount of waste products.