1. Colonial Character/Dissent

4. Chesapeake (Southern Colonies)
Jamestown 1607
Founded by Virginia Company of London
Expedition led by Capt. John Smith
Rocky beginnings
Built in a swamp (malaria)
Food shortages
Conflicts with local Indians
Founded with sole intent of making money
Gold (not there)
Greed of early settlers—”no work no eat policy”
Nearly goes under
Savior: tobacco

6. Chesapeake (Southern Colonies)
The nature of tobacco
Requirements:
Fertile soil (abundant)
Large acreage plantations (abundant)
Large labor supply (scarce)
New population demographics
Indentured servants
“Headright” system
Slave labor
“Triangular trade”

8. Chesapeake (Southern Colonies)
Religious affiliation: Anglican (loosely)
Crown colony
Colonial government
Legislature: House of Burgesses
First colonial legislature
Popularly elected representatives
Relatively small electorate (property qualifications)
Governor William Berkley
Appointed by the King
Often at the mercy of legislature
“Benign Neglect”: English lawmakers/nobility chose to ignore colonial affairs during early years of colonies

9. Plymouth/Massachusetts Bay
Founded by the Separatist Puritans (Pilgrims)
Sailed on the Mayflower
Sign Mayflower Compact (Constitution like document)
Massachusetts Bay 1630
Founded by Puritans (not separatists!!)
Lead by John Winthrop
Founded as a religious refuge/model (City Upon A Hill)
Demographically different then Chesapeake
Migrated as families
Planned on a long term settlement
Early emphasis on religion

11. Plymouth/Massachusetts Bay
Established small town based around a central church
Extreme ties between church and local government
Town meetings took place in churches
Only church members could vote
Church members had documented religious experiences
All town residents paid taxes (collected by the church)
Local ministers/wealthy families held primary power
Led to dissent
Importance placed on education
1647 Massachusetts passes first public education law in America
Requires a schoolhouse/teacher in towns with people

12. Plymouth/Massachusetts Bay
Economy
Original founders believed that government should provide economic restraint (anti greed)
Hard rocky soil prevented large scale farming
Subsistence farming of diverse crops
Trading/Fishing/Manufacture rapidly become dominant industries
Abundance of raw materials
Natural harbors
Proximity to England
First glimpses of sectionalism

13. Plymouth/Massachusetts Bay
Rapid Population Growth
Longer life expectancy then Chesapeake
Balanced demographics
Lack of religious fervor/conviction
Loss of Puritan spirit in New England
Half Way Covenant
First Great Awakening
Attempt to revitalize Puritan congregations
Lead figure Jonathan Edwards
Successes:
Growth of religion in America
Expansion of religious sects
Birth of American colleges (seminaries)

15. Middle Colonies Established by a diverse group of people
Trace to early Dutch/Scandinavian settlers
Diverse residents (< ½ Dutch in New Netherlands)
Dutch were tolerant of other religious groups
Primarily fur traders
Unusual relationship with Native Americans
Colonies acquired by England
Most of the land given by Charles II to his brother James II (Duke of York)
Attracts a number of wealthy British settlers
Mix with established residents
Colonies of New York and New jersey formed

16. Middle Colonies Quakers
Persecuted and despised religious group in England
Proprietor William Penn is given land by Charles II
Becomes colony of Pennsylvania

17. Colonial Conflicts/Dissent
Native American problems
British refused to live alongside Native American population
Unlike Spanish, create model for future colonists
Native American culture is never assimilated in U.S.
British saw Indians as savages
Few attempts even to spread religion
Leads to a series of wars
Powhatan Wars (Virg.)
Pequot War (Mass.)
King Philip’s War (Mass.)

18. Colonial Conflicts/Dissent
Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)
Virginia was suffering from reduced tobacco prices and a shortage of available land
Touched off a conflict with Indians threatening Gov. Berkley’s lucrative fur trade
Allows Nathaniel Bacon proposed to lead an army to wipe out Indians
Bacon slaughters peaceful band of Indians
Berkley calls Bacon back
Bacon refuses
Bacon leads his troops against Jamestown
Reveals deep social tensions between classes
Unintended consequence: increases slave trade

20. Colonial Conflicts/Dissent
Early Puritan Dissent
Roger Williams
Strongly opposed tight bond between church and state
Lead a group of followers to Rhode Island
Anne Hutchinson
Opposed Calvinistic view of predestination
Believed individual could achieve salvation through direct contact with God
Beliefs threatened power of the church
Each was successful in fragmenting early Puritan church
Early colonial society was marked by class conflicts

22. Big Question
How do the differences in colonial regions guarantee the development of sectionalism?