1. -Ed -S Endings

2. -ED Endings Used to indicate past tense Used to indicate past tense When –ed is added to words that end in a voiceless sound, -ed sounds like a /t/. When –ed is added to words that end in a voiceless sound, -ed sounds like a /t/. walk walked walk walked bake baked bake baked finish finished finish finished

3. Your Turn How does –ed sound when added to a word that ends in a voiceless sound? How does –ed sound when added to a word that ends in a voiceless sound? Ex. wish wished

4. /t/ Voiceless Lift your tongue to touch the roof of your mouth just behind your top teeth. Lift your tongue to touch the roof of your mouth just behind your top teeth. Take a breath and hold your tongue on the gum ridge. Take a breath and hold your tongue on the gum ridge. Let air build up and whisper /t/ as you release the air in a puff. Feel the air. Let air build up and whisper /t/ as you release the air in a puff. Feel the air. /t/ Click on Stops /t/ Click on Stops /t/

5. Your Turn Say these words with –ed. Say these words with –ed. peeked peeked fished fished looked looked washed washed

6. -ED Endings When –ed is added to words that end in a voiced sound, the -ed sounds like a /d/. When –ed is added to words that end in a voiced sound, the -ed sounds like a /d/. play played play played rain rained rain rained apply applied apply applied

7. Your Turn How does –ed sound when added to a word that ends in a voiced sound? How does –ed sound when added to a word that ends in a voiced sound? Ex. improved Ex. improved

8. /d/ Voiced Lift your tongue to touch the roof of your mouth just behind your top teeth. Lift your tongue to touch the roof of your mouth just behind your top teeth. Take a breath and hold your tongue on the gum ridge. Take a breath and hold your tongue on the gum ridge. Let air build up and say /d/ loudly as you release the breath using voicing. Feel the vibration on your throat. Let air build up and say /d/ loudly as you release the breath using voicing. Feel the vibration on your throat. /d/ Click on Stops /d/ Click on Stops /d/

9. Your Turn Say these words. Say these words. robbed robbed pulled pulled dreamed dreamed reviewed reviewed

10. -ED Endings When –ed is added to a word that ends in a /d/ or /t/ sound, the –ed makes a new syllable of /Id/. When –ed is added to a word that ends in a /d/ or /t/ sound, the –ed makes a new syllable of /Id/. rentrented rentrented needneeded needneeded wantwanted wantwanted

11. Your Turn How does –ed sound when added to a word that ends in /t/ or /d/? How does –ed sound when added to a word that ends in /t/ or /d/? Say these words. Say these words. rented rented ended ended voted voted wanted wanted

12. Linking -ED The flap-your tongue taps the gum ridge The flap-your tongue taps the gum ridge Use a flap when linking –ed to a vowel. Use a flap when linking –ed to a vowel. tired out laughed at used it up tired out laughed at used it up

13. Linking -ED When linking –ed to a word starting with a consonant sound, first hold the final /d/. When linking –ed to a word starting with a consonant sound, first hold the final /d/. moved twice moved twice stopped quickly stopped quickly

14. Review of –ed endings Partner Practice p. 175 Partner Practice p. 175 P. 176 The Visitor track 47 P. 176 The Visitor track 47 P. 177 track 48 P. 177 track 48 HW HW Learn by Listening 2 Learn by Listening 2 P. 179 track 50 P. 179 track 50 P. 180 track 51 P. 180 track 51

15. Your Scene Find all the –ed endings in your scene Find all the –ed endings in your scene How do you say the –eds? How do you say the –eds? How do you link them to the next word? How do you link them to the next word?

16. Different Kinds of –s Endings Plural Nouns- The ESL 151 actorare ready for their performance! Plural Nouns- The ESL 151 actors are ready for their performance! Third-person verb- Tom tease Vicki in every class. Third-person verb- Tom teases Vicki in every class. Possessive- Vicki students are outstanding! Possessive- Vickis students are outstanding! Contraction- It fun to perform movie scenes. Contraction- Its fun to perform movie scenes.

17. Your Turn! Name 2 types of –s endings. Name 2 types of –s endings. Name 2 more types of –s endings. Name 2 more types of –s endings.

18. Three –s Endings When a word ends in a voiceless sound and –s is added, it sounds like /s/. When a word ends in a voiceless sound and –s is added, it sounds like /s/. Ex. tapetapes Ex. tapetapes When a word ends in a voiced sound and –s is added, it sounds like /z/. When a word ends in a voiced sound and –s is added, it sounds like /z/. Ex. bagbags Ex. bagbags

19. /s/ /z/ /s/ /z/ sounds Click on fricatives. /s/ /z/ sounds Click on fricatives. /s/ /z/ sounds /s/ /z/ sounds To make the /s/ sound, raise the back of the tongue to make contact with the hard palate. Push air out through the narrow airway to make a hissing sound. To make the /s/ sound, raise the back of the tongue to make contact with the hard palate. Push air out through the narrow airway to make a hissing sound. To make the /z/ sound, add voicing. To make the /z/ sound, add voicing.

20. One more When a word ends in /s/, /z/, / ʃ /, /t ʃ /, /dʒ/, and /ks/, the –s ending makes a new syllable of /əz/. When a word ends in /s/, /z/, / ʃ /, /t ʃ /, /dʒ/, and /ks/, the –s ending makes a new syllable of /əz/. / ʃ / wishwishes / ʃ / wishwishes /t ʃ / teach teaches /t ʃ / teach teaches /dʒ/ judge judges /dʒ/ judge judges /ks/ fox foxes /ks/ fox foxes

21. How to Say / ʃ /, /t ʃ / ʃ / Start by saying /s/, round your lips slightly and slide your tongue back on the top of your mouth. / ʃ / Start by saying /s/, round your lips slightly and slide your tongue back on the top of your mouth. /t ʃ / Start by saying /t/-sgueeze the tongue against the gum ridge to stop the air and hold the /t/. Round the lips and slide the tongue back to say / ʃ /. /t ʃ / Start by saying /t/-sgueeze the tongue against the gum ridge to stop the air and hold the /t/. Round the lips and slide the tongue back to say / ʃ /.

22. How to Say /dʒ/, and /ks/ /dʒ/ Start by saying /d/. Hold the /d/. Round the lips slightly and push your tongue harder against the gum ridge. Slide it back and say /ʒ/. /ʒ/ is made by saying / ʃ / and adding voice. /dʒ/ Start by saying /d/. Hold the /d/. Round the lips slightly and push your tongue harder against the gum ridge. Slide it back and say /ʒ/. /ʒ/ is made by saying / ʃ / and adding voice. /ks/ /k/ is made by squeezing your tongue up against the top of the hard palate to stop air. Then release the air. Add /s/. /ks/ /k/ is made by squeezing your tongue up against the top of the hard palate to stop air. Then release the air. Add /s/.

23. Your Turn! What sound does –s make when added to words that end with /s/, /z/, / ʃ /, /t ʃ /, /dʒ/, and /ks/? What sound does –s make when added to words that end with /s/, /z/, / ʃ /, /t ʃ /, /dʒ/, and /ks/? Say these words: Say these words: tapeschargestradescakes tapeschargestradescakes bagsbeachesbites misses bagsbeachesbites misses savesfishesbabes talks savesfishesbabes talks

24. Practice p. 186-187 Improve Your Monitoring p. 186-187 Improve Your Monitoring HW HW P. 188-189 Group Practice 3 P. 188-189 Group Practice 3 P. 192 Learn by Listening 3 P. 192 Learn by Listening 3

25. Movie Scene Ok, you know the routine…..mark all the ending –s sounds in your scene. Ok, you know the routine…..mark all the ending –s sounds in your scene. Write the sound that each one makes. Write the sound that each one makes. /s/ /z/ /əz/ /s/ /z/ /əz/ Practice saying them. Practice saying them.