1. Kitchen Basics Planning and trends

2. Kitchens are... Considered the control center most lived in room of the house most often remodeled strong selling feature 10% of the value of the home remodeling cost 20,000 - 80,000

3. History of the Kitchen Open fire throughout most of history within living spaces - later moved to separate buildings used by slaves/servants 1740's Franklin Stove was invented (wood and/or coal) 1834 Oberlin Stove 1843 Catharine Beecher wrote "A Treatise on Domestic Economy" which discussed how to design an efficient kitchen. 1880 first gas stoves used. Also water, sewer and gas pipes. 1893 electric stove introduced but not used until 1930's 1912 Christine Frederick believed in Taylorism, a theory of management that analyzed and synthesized workflows (time and motion studies). Its main objective was improving economic efficiency, especially labor productivity.

4. Frankfurt Kitchen 1926 First "Fitted Kitchen" designed by Margarete Lihotzky known as the Frankfurt Kitchen, which was the prototype of the built-in kitchen now prevalent in the western world. Based on the scientific research by U.S. management expert Frederick Winslow Taylor and her own research, Lihotzky used a railroad dining car kitchen as her model to design a "housewife's laboratory" using a minimum of space but offering a maximum of comfort and equipment to the working mother. The Frankfurt City Council eventually installed 10,000 of her mass-produced, prefabricated kitchens in newly-built working-class apartments

6. Poggenpohl Kitchens German cabinet manufacturer founded in 1892 focussed on kitchen furniture 1923 the "Ideal" kitchen cabinet 1928 "Reform Kitchen" Interconnecting cabinets with functional interiors

7. The Modern Kitchen Mass produced cabinets during WWII Formica countertops 1940's saw trend in small and large electrified appliances such as blenders, toasters, mixers and refrigerators and electric ovens. 1944 University of Illinois formed the Building Research Council with the goal of incorporating state of the art technology into home building. The concept of the kitchen work triangle was developed in the 1950's.

8. When planning a kitchen…. Build cabinets to fit the cook 36 high standard 24 deep standard 3 increments Build shelves to fit the supplies Understand anthropometrics

9. Reach Limits

10. Four Kitchen Layouts One Wall (pullman or strip) Corridor ( galley) L- shaped U-shaped

11. Work Centers Primary work centers Cook Center Refrigerator Center Sink Center Secondary work center Mix center Serving center

12. Work Triangle Developed in the 1950s used to evaluate the efficiency of a kitchen plan. A line is drawn from the center of the sink to the center of the cooking surface to the center of the refrigerator and then back to the sink. These points are the three major centers of activity. Todays kitchens often have more than one triangle

13. Planning Guidelines http://starcraftcustombuilders.com/kitchen.desi gn.rules.htmhttp://starcraftcustombuilders.com/kitchen.desi gn.rules.htm

14. Doorway and walkway clearances Doorways should be at least 32 wide and not more than 24 deep in the direction of travel. Walkways (passages between vertical objects greater than 24 deep in the direction of travel, where not more than one is a work counter or appliance) should be at least 36 wide.

15. Work aisles clearances Work aisles (passages between vertical objects, both of which are work counters or appliances) should be at least 42 wide in one-cook kitchens, at least 48 in multiple cook kitchens.

16. The work triangle should total 26 or less with no single leg of the triangle shorter than 4 nor longer than 9. The work triangle should not intersect an island or peninsula by more than 12. The triangle is the shortest walking distance between the refrigerator, primary food preparation sink and primary cooking surface, measured from the center front of each appliance. Work triangle

17. Traffic flow should not go through work triangle

18. Avoid door interference

19. Dishwasher placement

21. Kitchen Trends Storage Appliances Styles

22. Cabinetry / Storage / Accessories Lazy-Susans Drawer inserts Pantry Tilt-out drawers at sinks Roll-out shelves Tray dividers for baking sheets Recycling/pull out waste baskets Spice Racks

23. Storage designed to fit the user

26. Tall towers are used to anchor the end of cabinet run. Towers can include drawers below and tray dividers above the built-in appliances.

27. Pull out cutting boards Sink tilt-out Spice racks Plate racks Pull out waste bins

28. Accessible pantry designed for easy access.

29. Counter tops, Sinks and Faucets Granite, Concrete, Solid Surface Stainless counters, tile and laminate Farmhouse sinks (apron fronts) Solid surface sinks Three bowl sink Wall mounted faucets Pot fillers Faucets all- in- one sprayer

30. Granite is most popular counter top with an undercount sink. These sinks are easy to wipe off crumbs into the sink because there is no raised edges.

31. Solid surfaces create a seamless and contemporary look.

32. Concrete Countertops are unique and can be personalized.

33. Concrete counter tops with integral sinks.

34. Copper farmhouse sinks are very popular and expensive.

35. Teak sinks are a beautiful solution for a clean, contemporary kitchen. Pot fillers increase functionality. Touch control faucets

36. Appliances

37. Appliance Trends Refrigerator drawers Sinks that are dishwashers Dishwasher drawers Refrigerators with internet access Bright colored appliances (Red, Blue, Yellow) Wine chillers Ovens with side opening doors Ovens that cool and operate via phone app

38. Wine coolers Espresso machines

39. Dishwashing drawers

40. Wood panel appliance doors

41. Wine racks Warming drawers Lighted cabinets

42. New Appliances and trends

43. Kitchen Styles Contemporary Transitional Traditional

44. Contemporary

49. Transitional

52. Traditional