1. Back To Basics lunes el veintiuno de noviembre Tú Vosotros Ellos
Nosotros
Ellas Yo Él
Ella
You (sing)
You (pl)
They (m) We
They (f) I He
She
She I
They (f) We
You (sing)
You (pl)
They (m) He
Back To
Basics

2. Personal Pronouns
Personal pronouns in English are; I, you, he, she, we, they.
We use personal pronouns in English in order to establish who is completing an action; he talks
However, in Spanish these personal pronouns usually are not needed.
This is because the ending of the verb tells us exactly who is completing an action; habla the ‘a’ ending tells us that the action is being completed by the third person i.e. he or she.
It is not incorrect to use personal pronouns but it sounds less Spanish as they are usually only used for emphasis.

3. El artículo definido The definite article is simply the word ‘the’.
It is used when talking about something specific, e.g. ‘the chair’ meaning one chair in particular.
Although in English we only have one word for ‘the’, in Spanish there are four.
This is because the article changes depending on the gender and number of the noun that it precedes:
El = the, masculine and singular
La = the, feminine and singular
Los = the, masculine and plural
Las = the, feminine and plural

4. La práctica
Create a table with the following headings: El, La, Los, Las.
Put the following words into the correct column on your table depending on their gender and number.
suelo
pelo
mochila
ojos
puerta
hoja
rotuladores
lapiz
luces
cortinas
gatos
mesas
pizarra
estuche
manzanas
silla
goma
ordenador
profesores
ventanas

5. El artículo indefinido
The indefinite article is simply the word ‘a’ in English and as with the definite article it changes depending on the gender and number of the word it precedes.
The reason it is called the indefinite article is because it does not refer to something specific, e.g. ‘a chair’ could be any chair in the room.
Un = a, masculine and singular
Una = a, feminine and singular
Unos = some, masculine and plural
Unas = some, feminine and plural

6. Los adjetivos
Agreeing adjectives in gender and number with the noun that they are describing is essential for achieving high marks for accuracy.
With a maximum of 5 marks available for accuracy in your writing and speaking assessments this is the difference between going up or down a grade!
Agreeing adjectives is one of the first grammatical points that we learn in Spanish, let’s see some examples to refresh our memories…

7. Ejemplos Un perro viejo
If a noun is masculine and singular, the adjective must be too:
Un perro viejo
‘Un’ tells us that the following noun is both singular and masculine
‘o’ is the masculine singular ending for an adjective

8. If the noun becomes plural, so must the adjective in order to agree with the noun.
Unos perros viejos
All endings must agree with the noun in both gender and number in order for the sentence to be accurate.

9. Una abuela vieja Unas abuelas viejas
If a noun is feminine the same rules apply and the adjective must change in order to agree with the noun:
Una abuela vieja
Unas abuelas viejas

10. Happy Sentences!
When all of the nouns and adjectives agree and get along we have happy sentences
Always check through your written work to ensure that all of your sentences are happy ones.
Marks for accuracy are easily lost if you forget to make sure that your words agree in gender and number.
Some adjectives end in –e such as ‘importante’, ‘verde’ and ‘interesante’
These adjectives are known as the lazy man’s adjective because the endings do not change in gender, you simply have to add an –s to make them plural.

11. La práctica Make these sentences happy ones…
Tengo los ojos verde y el pelo larga
La película era muy aburrido y tonto
La mujer es muy feo pero tiene tres hijos mono
Me gusta las matemáticas porque son interesante
Tengo los ojos verdes y el pelo largo
La película era muy aburrida y tonta
La mujer es muy fea pero tiene tres hijos monos
Me gusta las matemáticas porque son interesantes