1. Guided Notes – Ancient Rome The building of an empire 200 years a Kingdom-500 years a republic – 500 years an empire

2. Alexander the Great King of Macedonia died in 323 B.C. His general split the empire into 3 parts – Macedonia, Egypt and Persia Power shifted from Greece on the Balkan Peninsula to Rome on the Italian Peninsula The Hellenistic period brought Rome into importance

3. Peoples of Italy The “Latin's or Romans” migrated from over the Alps into Italy in about 800 B.C. - they were herders and farmers People settled near the Tiber River ◦An area of 7 hills for defense and nice place to live ◦Near water but not on the coast ◦Rome 18 miles from the sea

4. After removing the Etruscan kings, Rome vowed to never have a king again A republic gave citizens the right to vote for their leaders

6. How did GEOGRAPHY help and hurt the founding of the Roman Republic? ADVANTAGES ◦ Protected by mountains ◦ Apennine Mountains are not hard to travel through for travel ◦ Peninsula –great for trade DISADVANTAGES ◦ Separated from the rest of Europe by Alps ◦ Open for enemy attacks due to coastline and Apennine Mountains

7. Roman Class system Patricians were the wealthy aristocrats Plebeians were the merchants and farmers Slaves were popular but not considered citizens

8. How did GEOGRAPHY help and hurt the founding of the Roman Republic? ADVANTAGES ◦ Protected by mountains ◦ Apennine Mountains are not hard to travel through for travel ◦ Peninsula –great for trade DISADVANTAGES ◦ Separated from the rest of Europe by Alps ◦ Open for enemy attacks due to coastline and Apennine Mountains

9. Roman Republic The Romans used the three best governments they knew:  monarchy  aristocracy  Democracy

10. Roman Republic CONSULS Monarchy 2 consuls who served one year terms and could veto each other’s decisions DUTIES: command army, ran government, appoint dictator in times of emergency Limits: could only serve 1 year terms

11. Senate SENATE Aristocracy 330 member Senate (eventually spread to Plebs) DUTIES: controlled budget, proposed and passed laws LIMITS: could not control army ◦CENSORS: ◦ Took census; upheld laws (courts) ◦PRAETORS: ◦ Made laws; served as military commanders

12. Tribunes (the plebs get power!) ASSEMBLIES Democracy TRIBUNES(35 tribes elected 10 officials) came from all over the Republic to represent the plebs VOICE DUTIES: could veto Senate’s laws LIMITS: could not propose laws

13. Romans in the Forum The Forum was a place in the center of town where the temple and government buildings were located. 12 tables posted

14. Timeline 509 BCE Roman Republic founded 450 BCE 12 tables adopted 367 BCE Plebeians are allowed as consuls 264 BCE Rome controls all of the Italian Peninsula 265-146 BCE Romans conquer the Mediterranean Area 120 BCE – 44BCE Breakdown of the Republic 44 BCE Julius Caesar rules 27 BCE Octavian Caesar becomes emperor of the Roman Empire