1. Biotechnology

2. What Is Biotechnology? Using scientific methods with organisms to produce or modify new products or new forms of organisms Used to improve plants or animals, or to develop microorganisms for specific uses

3. What Are the Stages of Biotechnology Development Ancient biotechnology- early history as related to food and shelter; Includes domestication Classical biotechnology- built on ancient biotechnology; Fermentation promoted food production, and medicine Modern biotechnology- manipulates genetic information in organism; Genetic engineering

4. What Are the Areas of Biotechnology? Organismic biotechnology- uses intact organisms; Does not alter genetic material Molecular biotechnology- alters genetic makeup to achieve specific goals Transgenic organism- an organism with artificially altered genetic material

5. What Are the Benefits of Biotechnology? Medicine Human Veterinary Biopharming Environment Agriculture Food products Industry and manufacturing

6. What Are Genetic Engineering Organisms? Genetic engineering or recombinant DNA technology- artificially changing the genetic information in the cells of organisms Transgenic- an organism that has been genetically modified GMO- a genetically modified organism GEO- a genetically enhanced organism

7. What Are Methods of Classical Biotechnology? Plant breeding methods; Line breeding- breeding successive generations of plants among themselves Crossbreeding- breeding plants of different varieties or species Hybridization- breeding individuals from two distinctly different varieties

8. Why Are Plants Genetically Engineered? Resist pests Resist herbicides Improved product quality Pharmaceuticals Industrial products

9. What Is Gender Reversal? Gender reversal- changing the sex of an animal Very young animals receive hormone treatments Most common among selected fish species

10. What Is Gender Preselection? Gender preselection- choosing the sex of offspring Sperm sorted before conception Sperm sorted on basis of chromosome differences X chromosomes produce female offspring Y chromosomes produce male offspring

11. What Is Bioremediation? Bioremediation- using biological processes to solve environmental problems Biodegradation- natural processes of microbes in breaking down hydrocarbon materials Biodegradable- capable of being decomposed by microbes

12. How Can Bioremediation Be Used? Oil spills Wastewater treatment Heavy metal removal Chemical degradation

13. What Is Phytoremediation? Phytoremediation- process of plants being used to solve pollution problems Plants absorb and break down pollutants Used with heavy metals, pesticides, explosives, and leachate