1. DEVIANCE

2. Nature of Deviance What do these have in common? 1. Continuously talking to oneself in public 2. Drag racing on public roads 3. Regularly using illegal drugs 4. Man wearing women’s clothing 5. Attacking a person with a weapon Deviance – behavior that violates significant social norms Not ALL norm violations are considered to be deviant acts Murder may be deviant and non deviant, how? Varies from culture to culture (Divorce, legal in US, illegal in Philippines) How is a person considered to be deviant? Two ways… 1. A person must be detected committing a deviant act 2. Must be stigmatized by society – stigma – a mark of social disgrace that sets the deviant apart from society Person is no longer seen as being normal or whole Ah, Emma Stone

5. Social Functions of Deviance 1. Clarifying Norms defines the boundaries of acceptable behavior 2. Unifying the Group Draws the lines between conforming members of society and “outsiders” 3. Diffusing Tension Prevents people from acting out when unhappy with lives or social condition 4. Promoting Social Change Helps identify problem areas of society that needs to be changed 5. Providing Jobs Judges, lawyers, police, prison Criminologists – social scientists who study criminal behavior

6. Explaining Deviance - Functionalist Merton’s Strain Theory – social structures within society may pressure people to perform deviant acts. Example: America places emphasis on economic success….not everyone has ability to meet that success….however they are still judged on meeting this goal and how well they do Anomie – the situation arises when the norms of society are unclear/not applicable – no guidelines creates confusion Mode of AdaptionCultural Goals/Norms Means of Attaining Explanation ConformityAccept Whether they succeed or fail, their efforts always involve legit reasons InnovationAcceptReject Want success, but reject ways of going about it that are accepted RitualismRejectAccept Uphold the norms – worker passes up promotion for fear of failure RetreatismReject Simply retreat from society RebellionReject and Replace Want to set up new norms and attainment methods

7. Explaining Deviance - Conflict Conflict Theorist believe that competition and social inequality lead to deviance People with power – commit deviant acts in an effort to maintain that power People without power – commit deviant acts for 1) obtain economic reward or 2) low self-esteem The Ruling Class Label behaviors that threaten their behavior as deviant Create ideologies that explain deviance as a problem of the lower class This directs law enforcement officers toward crimes committed by the lower class Creates higher rates of arrest within these groups

8. Explaining Deviance - Interactionist 1. Control Theory – deviance is a natural occurrence Individuals who are integrated into the community are likely to conform and vice- versa 2. Cultural Transmission Theory – deviance is learned behavior Differential Association – the frequency and closeness of associations a person has with deviant and non-deviant people Techniques of Neutralization – people suspend their moral beliefs to commit deviant acts 3. Labeling Theory – focus on how individuals come to be identified as deviant Primary Deviance – nonconformity that goes undetected by those in authority (the occasional and the concealed) Secondary Deviance – these result in the individual being labeled Degradation Ceremony – in a public setting (i.e. trial) the individual is denounced, found guilty, and given the new identity of deviant Knight's Tale - The Stocks

9. Key Vocabulary Deviance Stigma Clarifying Norms Unifying the Group Diffusing Tension Promoting Social Change Providing Jobs Criminologists Strain Theory Anomie Conformity Innovation Retreatism Ritualism Rebellion Control Theory Cultural Transmission Theory Differential Association Techniques of Neutralization Labeling Theory Primary Deviance Secondary Deviance Degradation Ceremony