1. They’re like people, except that they’re plants
Plant Systems
They’re like people, except that they’re plants

2. Root and Shoot Systems
Plants have two separate systems: Shoot System: Leaves, stem and flowers Root System: Roots underground
(micronutrients)

3. Plant Tissue Types
Dermal Tissue: “Plant skin,” the outermost layer, protects the plant
Vascular Tissue: “Plant veins,” made up of xylem (carries water/minerals) and phloem (carries food)
Ground Tissue: everything else, all cells between dermal and vascular layers
Meristem Cells: found in tips of roots and shoots, is where growth occurs

4. Plant Tissue Types

5. Root
Left
Works to anchor the plant, and also allows the plant to absorb food, water and minerals (micronutrients)
There are 2 types of roots:
1) Taproots – absorb deep water
and store nutrients
2) Fibrous Roots- absorb water
and support soil (more efficient
than taproots)
Right

6. Stem
Stem: Across Whole Row
Transports water, minerals and food throughout the plant. Also helps support leaves.
Xylem and Phloem make up the vascular system (nutrient transport system) of the plant
Xylem transports water
and minerals up the plant.
Phloem transports food
up AND down the plant.
Xylem: Across
Phloem: Across

7. Movement of Water in Stem
Xylem are able to transport water from the roots up due to 2 actions:
Cohesion and Adhesion which create Capillary Action.
Transpirational Pull which occurs when water evaporates from the underside of leaves and creates a sucking force similar to a straw
Cohesion and Adhesion: Across
Tranpirational Pull: Across

8. The Palisade Mesophyll are the cells that do most of photosynthesis
Leaves
Right
The Cuticle is the top waxy layer of the leaf, it helps prevent the loss of water
Leaves are photosynthetic organs for plants – they absorb sunlight to make food using chlorophyll (green pigments in chloroplast that absorb sunlight)
Left
The Palisade Mesophyll are the cells that do most of photosynthesis
The Stoma are openings that allow gases to pass through, they are surrounded by guard cells.
(stomata = plural)

9. Photosynthesis and Respiration
Notice the products of photosynthesis are the reactants of respiration and the products of respiration are the reactants of photosynthesis
sunlight
36 ATP
Carbon dioxide + water + sunlight glucose + oxygen

10. Flower
Flowers are the sexual reproductive organs for plants. The petals are designed to attract pollinators like bees and hummingbirds.

11. Male Portion of a Flower
Left
The Stamen is the male component of a flower, it is made of: Anther- creates pollen (sperm cells) Filament-supports anther
Right

12. Female Portion of a Flower
Left
The Pistil is the female component of a flower, it is made of: Stigma- sticky surface for pollen Ovary- contains ovules/eggs. Becomes a fruit to help spread seeds Style-links the stigma to the ovary
Right

13. Pollination
Pollination is when male pollen (sperm) transfers to the female ovules/eggs. This can happen in 2 ways:
Wind carries pollen to its destination. This is a random process and requires a lot of pollen production
An animal carries the pollen to its destination. This is targeted process and does not require a lot of pollen production
Left
Right

14. Fertilization
Just like in humans, fertilization occurs when a sperm cell and egg cell come together. Sperm and egg are sex cells which are called gametes. It takes 1 sperm and 1 egg to form a zygote which is a fertilized egg. This egg contains a full set of chromosomes which is called being diploid. We refer to diploid cells as having 2n chromosomes This means that the sperm and egg each only have a half set of chromosomes which is called being haploid. We refer to haploid cells as having 1n chromosomes.
Left
Left
Right

15. Fertilization