1. Plant Structures
Plant Science

2. Major Plant Parts
roots
stems
leaves
buds
flowers

3. Functions of Roots anchor the plant absorb water and minerals
store manufactured food

4. Parts of the Root primary root: the single main root
secondary roots: small branches that form off the main root
root hairs: tiny roots that increase the absorption surface area
root cap: protects the growing tip of roots

5. Root System Types
adventitous roots: grow from the stem or leaf of a plant (ex. corn stalks have prop roots)
tap root system: root system with one thick main root (examples: pine trees, carrots, dandilions)
fibrous root system: root system with many small main roots (examples: grasses, soybeans, impatiens)

6. Functions of Stems support the leaves, flowers, and fruit
conduct water, minerals, and food
store food and water
produce new stem tissues

7. Parts of the Stem 2 types of conductive tissues
xylem: transports water and minerals from the roots
phloem: transports food from the leaves
cambium: the layer of dividing cells that creates the xylem and phloem
becomes growth rings in trees

8. Vascular Bundles made up of the xylem and pholem
in monocots, they are scattered
in dicots, they are in a circle (or a ring)

9. Buds contain undeveloped plant structures
bud scales: protect and cover the bud
terminal bud: a large bud at the tip of a stem
lateral buds: grow along the side of stems
apical meristem: primary growing point of the stem

10. Leaves produce food for the plant through photosyntheis
epidermis: a protective layer of cells on the leaf
cuticle: a waxy coating that prevents water loss
stomata: pore-like openings on the underside of the leaf that allow gas exchange
guard cells: control the opening and closing of the stomata
veins: carry nutrients and products of photosynthesis (contain the xylem and phloem)

11. Mesophyll layer of the leaf where photosynthesis takes place
made up of two layers:
palisade layer
spongy layer

12. Function of Flowers reproduction (to produce seeds)
sepals: protect the unopened flower
calyx: the collection of sepals
petals: attract pollinators (insects and birds)

13. Male Part of the Flower as a whole, known as the stamen
made up of two structures:
filament: supports the anther
anther: produces pollen
pollen: contains the male sex cells
pollination has to occur for seeds to develop

14. Female Part of the Flower
as a whole, known as the pistil
made up of three parts:
stigma: sticky surface for pollen to land on
style: supports the stigma
ovary: contains the female sex cells
fruit: contains the seeds; develops from the ovary

15. Types of Flowers
complete flowers: have sepals, petals, stamen, and pistil
incomplete flowers: are lacking one of the four main parts

16. Monoecious vs. Dioecious
monoecious plants: have male and female flowers on the same plant
dioecious plants: have male and female flowers on separate plants
imperfect flowers: do not have male and female parts on the same flower

17. Thank you for learning with us!